生物统计师们（特别是临床Statistician）必看之书

decai · 发表于 2013-1-29 16:36:08

Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS® Examples
Preface to the Third Edition .............................................................................. ix
Preface to the Second Edition ............................................................................................. xi
Preface to the First Edition .................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 – Introduction & Basics
1.1 Statistics—the Field .................................................................................. 1
1.2 Probability Distributions .......................................................................... 4
1.3 Study Design Features .............................................................................. 9
1.4 Descriptive Statistics .............................................................................. 13
1.5 Inferential Statistics ................................................................................ 16
1.6 Summary .................................................................................................. 21
Chapter 2 – Topics in Hypothesis Testing
2.1 Significance Levels .................................................................................. 23
2.2 Power ....................................................................................................... 25
2.3 One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests ........................................................... 26
2.4 p-Values .................................................................................................... 27
2.5 Sample Size Determination ................................................................... 27
2.6 Multiple Testing....................................................................................... 30
2.7 Summary .................................................................................................. 40
Chapter 3 – The Data Set TRIAL
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 41
3.2 Data Collection ....................................................................................... 41
3.3 Creating the Data Set TRIAL ................................................................ 44
3.4 Statistical Summarization ...................................................................... 47
3.5 Summary .................................................................................................. 54
Chapter 4 – The One-Sample t-Test
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 55
4.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 55
4.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 56
4.4 Details & Notes ....................................................................................... 63
Chapter 5 – The Two-Sample t-Test
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 67
5.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 67
5.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 68
5.4 Details & Notes ....................................................................................... 73
Chapter 6 – One-Way ANOVA
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 79
6.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 79
6.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 82
6.4 Details & Notes ....................................................................................... 88
Chapter 7 – Two-Way ANOVA
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 95
7.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................... 95
7.3 Examples .................................................................................................. 98
7.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 119
Chapter 8 – Repeated Measures Analysis
8.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 125
8.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 125
8.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 129
8.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 160
Chapter 9 – The Crossover Design
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 171
9.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 172
9.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 174
9.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 185
Chapter 10 – Linear Regression
10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 191
10.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 191
10.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 194
10.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 209
Chapter 11 – Analysis of Covariance
11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 221
11.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 222
11.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 225
11.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 246
Chapter 12 – The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 253
12.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 253
12.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 254
12.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 260
Chapter 13 – The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test
13.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 263
13.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 263
13.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 265
13.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 270
Chapter 14 – The Kruskal-Wallis Test
14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 273
14.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 273
14.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 275
14.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 279
Chapter 15 – The Binomial Test
15.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 283
15.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 283
15.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 285
15.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 289
Chapter 16 – The Chi-Square Test
16.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 293
16.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 293
16.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 295
16.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 308
Chapter 17 – Fisher’s Exact Test
17.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 317
17.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 317
17.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 318
17.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 321
Chapter 18 – McNemar’s Test
18.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 325
18.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 325
18.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 326
18.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 335
Chapter 19 – The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test
19.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 341
19.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 341
19.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 343
19.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 355
Chapter 20 – Logistic Regression
20.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 361
20.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 362
20.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 366
20.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 386
Chapter 21 – The Log-Rank Test
21.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 397
21.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 398
21.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 399
21.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 408
Chapter 22 – The Cox Proportional Hazards Model
22.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 413
22.2 Synopsis .................................................................................................. 414
22.3 Examples ................................................................................................ 415
22.4 Details & Notes ..................................................................................... 424
Chapter 23 – Exercises
23.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 429
23.2 Exercises ................................................................................................ 429
23.3 Appropriateness of the Methods ......................................................... 431
23.4 Summary ................................................................................................ 435
Appendix A – Probability Tables
A.1 Probabilities of the Standard Normal Distribution ........................... 438
A.2 Critical Values of the Student t-Distribution ..................................... 439
A.3 Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution .................................. 440
Appendix B – Common Distributions Used in Statistical Inference
B.1 Notation ................................................................................................. 441
B.2 Properties .............................................................................................. 442
B.3 Results .................................................................................................... 443
B.4 Distributional Shapes ............................................................................ 445
Appendix C – Basic ANOVA Concepts
C.1 Within- vs. Between-Group Variation ................................................ 447
C.2 Noise Reduction by Blocking ............................................................... 449
C.3 Least Squares Mean (LS-mean) ........................................................... 453
Appendix D – SS Types I, II, III, and IV Methods for an Unbalanced
Two-Way Layout
D.1 SS Types Computed by SAS ................................................................ 457
D.2 How to Determine the Hypotheses Tested ....................................... 459
D.3 Empty Cells ............................................................................................ 464
D.4 More Than Two Treatment Groups ................................................... 465
D.5 Summary ................................................................................................ 468
Appendix E – Multiple Comparison Methods
E.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 471
E.2 Multiple Comparisons of Means .......................................................... 472
E.3 Multiple Comparisons of Binomial Proportions ................................ 482
E.4 Summary ................................................................................................ 487
Appendix F – Data Transformations
F.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 489
F.2 The Log Transformation ...................................................................... 490

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