oa(seacarb)
oa()所属R语言包：seacarb
Perturbation of the seawater carbonate system
扰动的海水中碳酸盐系统
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
Describes the various approaches that can be used to alter the seawater carbonate system. Its main purpose is to assist the design of ocean acidification perturbation experiments.
描述了各种不同的方法，可以用来改变海水碳酸盐体系。其主要目的是协助设计的的海洋酸化扰动实验。
用法----------Usage----------
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：flag
select the couple of variables available to describe the initial seawater. The flags which can be used are: flag = 1 pH and CO2 given flag = 2 CO2 and HCO3 given flag = 3 CO2 and CO3 given flag = 4 CO2 and ALK given flag = 5 CO2 and DIC given flag = 6 pH and HCO3 given flag = 7 pH and CO3 given flag = 8 pH and ALK given flag = 9 pH and DIC given flag = 10 HCO3 and CO3 given flag = 11 HCO3 and ALK given flag = 12 HCO3 and DIC given flag = 13 CO3 and ALK given flag = 14 CO3 and DIC given flag = 15 ALK and DIC given flag = 21 pCO2 and pH given flag = 22 pCO2 and HCO3 given flag = 23 pCO2 and CO3 given flag = 24 pCO2 and ALK given flag = 25 pCO2 and DIC given
这对夫妻选择的变量可用来描述最初的海水。可以使用的标志是：标志= 1 pH值和CO2标志= 2 CO2和HCO3标志= 3 CO2，CO3给定的标志= 4 CO2和ALK的标志= 5 CO2和DIC标志= 6 pH值和HCO3给出的标志= 7 pH值和CO3给出的标志= 8 pH值和ALK标志= 9 pH值和DIC标志= 10 = 11 HCO3和ALK的标志HCO3和CO3标志= 12 HCO3和DIC给予的标志= 13 CO3和ALK标志= 14 CO3和DIC标志= 15的ALK和DIC标志= 21 pCO2和pH值= 22 pCO2和HCO3给予的标志给定的标志= 23 pCO2和CO3 = 24 pCO2和ALK = 25 pCO2和DIC给定标志给定的标志
参数：var1
Value of the first variable available to describe the initial seawater, in mol/kg except for pH and for pCO2 in uatm
可用来描述初始的海水，在摩尔/千克，除了pH值和为pCO2的在uatm第一可变值
参数：var2
Value of the second variable available to describe the initial seawater, in mol/kg except for pH
除了pH值可用来描述的初始的海水，在摩尔/千克的第二可变的价值
参数：pCO2f
pCO2 target value, in uatm
pCO2的目标值，在uatm
参数：pCO2s
pCO2s is the pCO2, in uatm, of the “high-CO2” seawater that will be mixed with “normal seawater”. The default value is 10^6 uatm, that is seawater bubbled with pure CO2 gas and saturated with CO2.
pCO2s的pCO2，uatm，将“正常海水的”混合的“CO2”的海水。默认值是10 ^ 6 uatm“，即通以纯CO2气体和CO2饱和的海水。
参数：S
Salinity, default is 35
盐度，默认为35
参数：T
Temperature in degrees Celsius, default is 25
摄氏温度，默认值是25
参数：P
Hydrostatic pressure in bar (surface = 0), default is 0
条形的静水压力（表面= 0），默认为0
参数：Pt
Concentration of total phosphate in mol/kg, default is 0
摩尔/千克，总磷浓度，默认为0
参数：Sit
Concentration of total silicate in mol/kg, default is 0
在摩尔/千克，总硅酸盐浓度，默认为0
参数：k1k2
"l" for using K1 and K2 from Lueker et al. (2000), "m06" from Millero et al. (2006), "m10" from Millero (2010) and "r" from Roy et al. (1993). "x" is the default flag; the default value is then "l", except if T is outside the range 2 to 35oC and/or S is outside the range 19 to 43. In these cases, the default value is "m10".
“升”的使用K1和K2从Lueker等的。 （2000年），“M06”从Millero等。 （2006年），“M10”从Millero（2010年）和“R”Roy等人。 （1993）。 “x”是默认的标志，然后，默认值是“l”的，除非T是2至35℃的范围之外和/或S的是19至43的范围之外。在这些情况下，默认值是“M10”。
参数：kf
"pf" for using Kf from Perez and Fraga (1987) and "dg" for using Kf from Dickson and Riley (1979 in Dickson and Goyet, 1994). "x" is the default flag; the default value is then "pf", except if T is outside the range 9 to 33oC and/or S is outside the range 10 to 40. In these cases, the default is "dg".
“PF”对使用KF佩雷斯和弗拉加（1987年）和“DG”使用KF迪克森和Riley（1979年中迪克森和Goyet，1994年）。 “X”是默认的标志，默认值是“PF”，除非T是范围以外的9为33oC和/或S是超出范围为10~40。在这些情况下，默认为“DG”。
参数：ks
"d" for using Ks from Dickon (1990), "k" for using Ks from Khoo et al. (1977), default is "d"
“D”用KS迪肯（1990年），“K”邱等人用KS。 （1977），默认为“D”
参数：pHscale
"T" for the total scale, "F" for the free scale and "SWS" for using the seawater scale, default is "T" (total scale)
总规模的“T”，“F”的规模和使用海水规模的“SWS”，默认为“T”（总规模）
参数：plot
A plot of the different perturbation methods can be plotted in a DIC vs ALK field with pCO2 isoclines are drawn in the back. Default is false.
不同的摄动方法可以被绘制在一个DIC与ALK领域与pCO2的等值线绘制在后面的图。默认值是false。
参数：b
"l10" for computing boron total from the Lee et al. (2010) formulation or "u74" for using the Uppstrom (1974) formulation, default is "l10"
“L10”硼总Lee等人计算。 （2010年）制定或“U74”用于使用Uppstrom（1974年）制定，默认为“L10”
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
The Lueker et al. (2000) constants for K1 and K2, the Perez and Fraga (1987) constant for Kf and the Dickson (1990) constant for Ks are recommended by Dickson et al. (2007). It is, however, critical to consider that each formulation is only valid for specific ranges of temperature and salinity:
该Lueker等人。 （2000）推荐的常数K1和K2，Perez和弗拉加（1987）常数Kf和迪克森（1990）常数K报表Dickson等人。 （2007年）。 ，但是，重要的是要考虑到每个配方是只适用于特定范围的温度和盐度：
For K1 and K2:
对于K1和K2：
Roy et al. (1993): S ranging between 0 and 45 and T ranging between 0 and 45oC.
Roy等人。 （1993）：S取值范围在0和45之间和T 0和45℃之间的范围。
Lueker et al. (2000): S ranging between 19 and 43 and T ranging between 2 and 35oC.
lueker等。 （2000年）：S之间19和第43和T 2和35℃之间。
Millero et al. (2006): S ranging between 0.1 and 50 and T ranging between 1 and 50oC.
millero等。 （2006年）：S介于0.1和50和T 1和50℃之间的范围。
Millero (2010): S ranging between 1 and 50 and T ranging between 0 and 50oC. Millero (2010) provides a K1 and K2 formulation for the seawater, total and free pH scales. Therefore, when this method is used and if P=0, K1 and K2 are computed with the formulation corresponding to the pH scale given in the flag "pHscale".
millero（2010）：S 1和50和T之间的范围在0和50℃之间不等。 Millero（2010）提供了K1和K2制定的海水，总的和自由的pH值尺度。因此，当使用这种方法时，如果P = 0，K1和K2是与制定相应的pH值范围中给出的标志“pHscale”计算。
For Kh:
对于KH：
Perez and Fraga (1987): S ranging between 10 and 40 and T ranging between 9 and 33oC.
佩雷斯和弗拉加（1987）：S介于10和40和T 9和33oC之间。
Dickson and Riley (1979 in Dickson and Goyet, 1994): S ranging between 0 and 45 and T ranging between 0 and 45oC.
迪克森和Riley（1979年中迪克森和Goyet，1994年）：S 0~45和T介于0和45℃之间。
For Ks:
对于KS：
Dickson (1990): S ranging between 5 and 45 and T ranging between 0 and 45oC.
迪克森（1990）：S介于5和45和T 0和45℃之间的范围。
Khoo et al. (1977): S ranging between 20 and 45 and T ranging between 5 and 40oC.
邱等人。 （1977）：S范围20和45和T之间的范围在5至40℃之间。
The arguments can be given as a unique number or as vectors. If the lengths of the vectors are different, the longer vector is retained and only the first value of the other vectors is used. It is recommended to use either vectors with the same dimension or one vector for one argument and numbers for the other arguments.
的参数可被指定为唯一的编号或作为向量。如果矢量的长度是不同的，较长的矢量被保留，并只使用的其它向量的第一个值。建议使用任一向量同尺寸或一个向量的一个参数和其他参数的数字。
Pressure corrections and pH scale:
压力修正和pH值范围：
For K1, K2, pK1, pK2, pK3, Kw, Kb, Khs and Ksi, the pressure correction was applied on the seawater scale. Hence, if needed, values were first transformed from the total scale to the seawater scale, the pressure correction applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS).
对于K1，K2，PK1，PK2，PK3，千瓦，结果，KHS和KSI，压力校正施加在海水规模。因此，如果需要的话，值是第一变换从总规模的海水规模，施加的压力校正所述者Millero（1995），该值被转换回所需的规模（T，F或SWS）。
For Kf, the pressure correction was applied on the free scale. The formulation of Dickson and Riley (1979 in Dickson and Goyet, 1994) provides Kf on the free scale but that of Perez and Fraga (1987) provides it on the total scale. Hence, in that case, Kf was first transformed from the total scale to the free scale. With both formulations, the pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS).
对于钾长石，施加的压力校正的自由规模。迪克森和Riley（1979 Dickson和Goyet，1994年）的制定提供KF规模的自由，但佩雷斯和弗拉加（1987）提供的总规模。因此，在这种情况下，钾长石首先被转化的总规模规模的自由。两种配方，施加的压力校正所述者Millero（1995），并且该值被变换回所需的规模（T，F或SWS）。
For Ks, the pressure correction was applied on the free scale. The pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS).
对于K报表，施加的压力校正的自由规模。压力校正施加者Millero（1995）所描述，该值被变换回所需的规模（T，F或SWS）。
For Kn, The pressure correction was applied on the seawater scale. The pressure correction was applied as described by Millero (1995), and the value was transformed back to the required scale (T, F or SWS).
Kn的，施加的压力校正海水规模。压力校正施加者Millero（1995）所描述，该值被变换回所需的规模（T，F或SWS）。
值----------Value----------
The function returns a list built as follows:
该函数返回一个建立的列表如下：
参数：description
A table describing in plain English the various ways to reach the target pCO2. Note that if a vector is given in argument only the first value is used.
一个表，说明在纯英语的各种方法达到目标的pCO2。请注意，如果给出一个向量参数只使用第一值。
参数：perturbation
Table providing key parameters for the following methods: CO2 bubbling: high-CO2 air is bubbled in seawater. The first parameter is the value of the pCO2 in the air required to bubble the seawater (in uatm). SW mixing: mixing of “normal” and “high-CO2” seawater. The fist parameter, “Weight fraction high-CO2 SW” or wf, is the weight fraction of the high-CO2 seawater per kg seawater. Addition of acid: strong acid is added to seawater. Note that this method is not recommended because it does not closely mimic natural ocean acidification (Gattuso and Lavigne, 2009). The first parameter, H+ (mol/kg), is the amount of H+ that must be added (mol/kg). The acid must be fortified with NaCl in order to have the same salinity than seawater. Addition of HCO3 and acid: bicarbonate (HCO3) and a strong acid are added. The first parameter, HCO3, is the amount of HCO3 that must be added (mol/kg). The second parameter, H+, is the quantity of H+ that must be added (mol/kg). The acid must be fortified with NaCl in order to have the same salinity than seawater. Addition of CO3 and acid: carbonate, CO3, and a strong acid are added. The first parameter, HCO3, is the quantity of CO3 that must be added (mol/kg). The second parameter, H+, is the quantity of H+ that must be added (mol/kg).
下表提供下列方法：二氧化碳鼓泡：高CO2空气的关键参数是在海水中鼓泡。第一个参数是在所需的空气以气泡的海水（uatm）的pCO2的值。 SW的“正常”和“CO2”海水混合：混合。拳头参数，“重量分数高CO2 SW”或WF，是每公斤海水高CO2的海水中的重量分数。酸：强酸除了添加到海水。注意，此方法不推荐使用，因为它没有紧密地模仿天然海洋酸化（加图索和儿，2009年）。第一参数，H +（摩尔/千克），是H的量+必须添加（摩尔/千克）。该酸必须强化用NaCl，以便具有相同的盐度比海水。中加入另外的HCO3和酸：碳酸氢盐（HCO 3）和强酸。第一参数，HCO 3，是必须添加的HCO3（摩尔/千克）的量。第二个参数，H +，是必须添加的H +的数量（摩尔/千克）。该酸必须强化用NaCl，以便具有相同的盐度比海水。被添加的CO3和酸的加成：碳酸酯，碳酸，和强酸。第一参数，HCO 3，是必须添加的CO3（摩尔/千克）的数量。第二个参数，H +，是必须添加的H +的数量（摩尔/千克）。
参数：summary
Table summarizing the carbonate chemistry before and after applying each perturbation: pCO2 bubbling, mixing with high-CO2 seawater, addition of strong acid, and addition of bicarbonate/carbonate and strong acid.
下表总结每个扰动：pCO2的冒泡施加之前和之后，与高二氧化碳海水，加入强酸，碳酸氢盐/碳酸盐的添加和强酸混合碳酸酯的化学。
警告----------Warnings----------
It is recommended to use concentrated solutions of acid or base in order to add small volumes.
建议使用浓溶液的酸或碱，以增加体积小。
The addition of strong acid does not simulate well natural ocean acidification (higher concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon at constant total alkalinity) since it generates a decrease in total alkalinity while dissolved inorganic carbon is kept constant.
强酸的添加不模拟以及天然海洋酸化（在恒定的总碱度的溶解的无机碳）的浓度较高时，减少，因为它生成溶解无机碳的总碱度，同时被保持恒定。
Other important advice is provided in Gattuso and Lavigne (2009), Schulz et al. (2009) and in the “Guide for Best Practices on Ocean Acidification Research and Data Reporting” (http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/Home/Guide-to-OA-Research/)
其他重要的建议是在加图索和儿（2009），舒尔茨等。 （2009年）和“海洋酸化研究和数据报告最佳实践指南”（http://www.epoca-project.eu/index.php/Home/Guide-to-OA-Research/）
（作者）----------Author(s)----------
Heloise Lavigne and Jean-Pierre Gattuso <a href="mailto:gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr">gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr</a>
参考文献----------References----------
参见----------See Also----------
carb, pgas, pmix, ppH, pTA.
carb，pgas，pmix，ppH，pTA。
实例----------Examples----------
oa(flag=24, var1=384, var2=2325e-6, pCO2s=1e6, pCO2f=793, S=34.3, T=16,
P=0, pHscale="T", kf="pf", k1k2="l", ks="d", plot=TRUE, b="l10")
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
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发表于 2012-9-29 23:44:12
