ccd(rsm)
ccd()所属R语言包：rsm
Generate a central-composite design
生成一个中心复合设计
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
This function can generate a broad range of central-composite designs with flexible choices of replications, aliasing of predictors and fractional blocks, and choices of axis or 'star' points.
此功能可以灵活地选择复制，走样的预测和分数块，并选择的轴或明星点产生了广泛的中心复合设计。
用法----------Usage----------
ccd(basis, generators, blocks = "Block", n0 = 4, alpha = "orthogonal",
wbreps = 1, bbreps = 1, randomize = TRUE, inscribed = FALSE, coding)
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：basis
A formula, or an integer giving the number of variables. If the formula has a left-hand side, the variables named there are appended to the design and initialized to NA.
一个公式或一个整数，变量的数目。如果该公式的左手侧，命名的变量有附加的设计和初始化NA。
参数：generators
Optional formula or list of formulas to generate aliased variables
可选的公式或公式来生成别名变量列表
参数：blocks
A string or a formula. If a character string, it is the name of the blcoking factor; if a formula, the left-hand side is used as the name of the blcoking factor, and the formula(s) on the right-hand side are used to generate separate fractional blocks.
一个字符串或公式。如果一个字符的字符串，它的名称是的blcoking因子;如果式中，左手侧的名称用作的blcoking因子，和式（）的右手侧上的用于生成单独的分数块。
参数：n0
Integer or vector of two integers giving the number of center points. If only one value, this is the number of center pouints in each block. If two values are given, n0[1] specifies the number of center points in 'cube' blocks, and n0[2] specifies the number of center points in 'star' blocks.
整数或向量的两个整数的中心点的数目给。如果只有一个值，这是在每个块中心pouints数。如果两个值都给出了，n0[1]指定的中心点在“立方体”块，和n0[2]指定的明星块的中心点。
参数：alpha
If numeric, the position of the 'star' points. May also be a character string; if it matches "orthogonal",the star points are positioned to block the design orthogonally; if it matches "rotatable", the star points are chosen to make the design rotatable. The default is to generate an orthogonally blocked design. Note that a face-centered design is obtained by specifying alpha = 1.
如果是数字，明星点的位置。也可能是一个字符串，它是否符合"orthogonal"，星点的位置垂直块的设计，，如果匹配"rotatable"，星点的选择，使设计可旋转的。默认为生成的正交阻塞的设计。请注意，一个面为中心的设计是通过以下方式获得指定alpha = 1。
参数：wbreps
Number(s) of within-block replications. If this is a vector of length 2, then separate numbers are used for the 'cube' and the 'axis' blocks respectively.
数（S）的块内复制。如果这是一个向量的长度为2，则分开的号码用于“立方体”和“轴”块分别。
参数：bbreps
Number(s) of between-block replications (i.e., number of repeats of each block). f this is a vector of length 2, then separate numbers are used for the 'cube' and the 'axis' blocks respectively.
号（s）的块之间的复制（即，每个块的重复数）。 f这是一个向量的长度为2，则分开的号码用于“立方体”和“轴”块分别。
参数：randomize
Boolean determining whether or not to randomize the design. Each block is randomized separately.
布尔值确定是否随机化设计。每个块是随机的分开。
参数：inscribed
Boolean value. If FALSE, the cube points are at +/- 1 and the axis points are at least 1. If TRUE, the entire desgn is scaled down so that the axis points are at +/- 1 and the cube points are at interior positions.
布尔值。如果FALSE，多维数据集点是在+ / - 1的轴线点是至少为1。如果TRUE，整个DESGN是按比例缩小的轴点都在+ / - 1和多维数据集的点是在室内的位置。
参数：coding
Optional list of formulas. If this is provided, a coded.data object is returned with the specified coding.
可选的公式列表。如果这是一个coded.data对象，则返回与指定的编码。
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
Central-composite designs (CCDs) are popular designs for use in response-surface exploration. They are blocked designs consisting of at least one 'cube' block (two-level factorial or fractional factorial, plus center points) , and at least one 'star' block (points along each axis at positions -alpha and +alpha), plus center points. Everything is assumed to be on a coded scale, where the cube portion of the design has values of -1 and 1 for each variable, and the center points are 0. The codings may be provided, if desired, using the coding argument.
中央复合设计（CCD的）响应表面的勘探中使用的是流行的设计。他们被阻止的设计，包括至少一个“立方体块（两水平因子或部分因子，再加上中心点），并至少有一个明星块（点沿每个轴的位置-alpha和+alpha），加上中心点。一切都被假定为上的编码的规模，其中立方体部分设计为-1和1的值，对于每个变量，和中心点为0。的编码中可以提供，如果需要的话，coding使用参数。
The basis argument determines a basic design used to create cube blocks. For example, basis = ~A+B+C would generate a basic design of 8 runs. Use generators if you want additional variables; for example, generators = c(D~-A*B, E~B*C) added to the above would generate a 5-factor design with defining relation I = -ABD = BCE = -ACDE.
basis参数确定的基本设计用于创建多维数据集块。例如，basis = ~A+B+C将产生8奔跑的基本设计。使用generators，“如果你需要额外的变量，例如，generators = c(D~-A*B, E~B*C)添加到上面会产生5因子设计，定义关系I = -ABD = BCE = -ACDE。
If you want the cube points divided into fractional blocks, give the formula(s) in the blocks argument. For instance, suppose we have basis = A+B+C+D+E, generators = F~-A*C*D, and blocks = Day ~ c(A*B*C, C*D*E). Then the blocking variable will be named "Day", and the basic 32-run design (half-fraction of 6 factors) will be divided into 4 blocks of 8 runs each, based on the combination of signs of A*B*C and C*D*E. Notice that Day will be confounded with its generators, the interaction thereof, and all aliases of these: Day = ABC = CDE = ABDE = -BDF = -ADCF = -BCEF = -AEF. To each of these blocks, we will add n0 (or n0[1]) center points.
如果你想在多维数据集点分到小数块，给blocks参数式（S）。例如，假设我们有basis = A+B+C+D+E，generators = F~-A*C*D和blocks = Day ~ c(A*B*C, C*D*E)。然后阻塞变量将被命名为"Day"，将被分为4块8和32运行的基本设计（半馏分6因素）运行每个A*B*C的标志的组合，是根据和C*D*E。请注意，Day将其发电机，其的互动中，这些所有的别名：Day = ABC = CDE = ABDE = -BDF = -ADCF = -BCEF = -AEF混淆。对于每一个块，我们将添加n0（n0[1]）中心点。
A star block contains n0 (or n0[2]) center points, plus points at +/- alpha on each coordinate axis. You may specify the alpha you want, or have it chosen to achieve orthogonality of blocks (the default) or rotatability. Conditions for these criteria to hold are described in detail in references such as Myers and Montgomery (2005). In cases where there are constraints on the possible design-point values, you may want to specify inscribed = TRUE. This will scale-down the design so that no coded value exceeds 1.
一个明星块包含n0（或n0[2]）中心点，加点+/- alpha了各坐标轴。您可以指定alpha，“你想要的，或者选择实现的块（默认值）或可旋转的正交性。迈尔斯和Montgomery（2005），如在参考文献中有详细描述这些条件的条件持有。在可能的设计点值有限制的情况下，您可能需要指定inscribed = TRUE。这将扩展式设计，使无编码值超过1。
wbreps values greater than 1 cause cube points or star points to be replicated in the same block. bbreps values greater than 1 cause additional blocks to be added to the design. By default, the design is randomized so that the run order in each block is random. The order of appearance of the blocks is not randomized.
wbreps值大于1的事业的立方体点或星点在同一个块被复制。 bbreps值大于1，导致了额外的块被添加到设计中。默认情况下，设计是随机的，所以，在每个块的运行顺序是随机的。块出现的顺序是随机的。
A couple of convenience features are added. If basis is an integer instead of a formula, default variable names of x1, x2, ... are used; for example, basis = 3 is equivalent to basis = ~x1+x2+x3. You may specify generators or fractional blocks using the same notation. You may also give variables on the left-hand side when basis is a formula, and these variables are added to the returned design. For example, Yield+ProcessTime ~ A+B+C would generate a design in factors A, B, C (plus others if there are generators), and additional variables Yield and ProcessTime initialized at NA.
一对夫妇方便等特点。如果basis是一个整数，而不是一个公式，默认的环境变量x1, x2, ...使用，例如，basis = 3是相当于basis = ~x1+x2+x3的。您可以指定生成器或分数块使用相同的符号。您也可以给左侧的变量，当basis是一个公式，而这些变量被添加到返回的设计。例如，Yield+ProcessTime ~ A+B+C会产生一个设计因素A, B, C（加上其他人，如果有发电机），和额外的变量Yield和ProcessTime初始化在NA。
值----------Value----------
A data.frame with the generated design; or if coding is specified, a coded.data object. The blocking variable will be a factor; all other variables will be numeric.
Adata.frame的产生的设计;或coding如果，coded.data对象。阻塞变量将是一个factor;所有其他变量将是数字。
注意----------Note----------
Poor choices of generators and/or blocks can alias or partially alias some effects needed to estimate a second-order response surface. ccd runs a trial model on just the cube portion of the experiment, and issues a warning if there are aliased effects. The presence of center points and axis points may help mitigate this problem and make the surface estimable, but it is best to avoid designs where this aliasing occurs.
差的选择generators和/或blocks别名或部分别名估计二阶响应面需要一定的影响。 ccd运行试验模型只在多维数据集的实验部分，并发出警告，如果有锯齿的效果。中心点和轴点的存在可能有助于缓和这个问题，使表面难能可贵的，但它是最好的设计，以避免出现混叠。
The function ccd.pick is available to help determine good choices for arguments to this function.
的功能ccd.pick，以帮助确定这个函数的参数不错的选择。
In practice, you may generate the whole design, but initially collect data only on one or more 'cube' blocks, which is good enough for estimating a first-order model. Depending on the results of analysis, we either may follow a path of steepest ascent, or continue with data from the 'star' block(s) (and possibly more 'cube' blocks) so that we can estimate a second-order model.
在实践中，你可能会产生的整体设计，但最初收集的数据只对一个或多个多维数据集的块，这是不够好，估计一阶模型。根据分析的结果，我们可以按照最陡爬坡路径，或继续与明星块（S）（也可能是更多的“立方体”块）的数据，因此，我们可以估算一个二阶模型。
An alternative to a CCD when you want to go straight to second-order modeling is a Box-Behnken design, generated by bbd. These designs are not as various or flexible as CCDs, but they can require fewer runs.
当你想直来直去二阶模型的CCD的另一种方法是一个Box-Behnken设计，所产生的bbd。这些设计是不各种或灵活的CCD，但它们可以需要较少的运行。
（作者）----------Author(s)----------
Russell V. Lenth
参考文献----------References----------
Journal of Statistical Software, 32(7), 1–17. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v32/i07/.
Response Surface Methodology (3rd ed.), Wiley.
参见----------See Also----------
ccd.pick, coded.data, bbd
ccd.pick，coded.data，bbd
实例----------Examples----------
library(rsm)
### Generate a standard 3-variable CCD with 12 runs in each block[＃＃在每个块生成一个标准的12分3个变量的CCD]
des = ccd(3, n0=c(4,6), coding = list(x1 ~ (Temp - 150)/10,
x2 ~ (Pres - 50)/5, x3 ~ Feedrate - 4))
decode.data(des)
### Same as above, except make the design rotatable,[＃＃同上，但设计可旋转的，]
### and inscribed so that no coded value exceeds 1[＃＃和刻没有编码值超过1]
des2 = ccd(3, n0=c(4,6), alpha = "rotatable", inscribed = TRUE,
coding = list(x1 ~ (Temp - 150)/10,
x2 ~ (Pres - 50)/5, x3 ~ Feedrate - 4))
decode.data(des2)
### Generate a 5-variable design in 2 blocks. The cube block has 16 runs[＃＃生成2块5可变的设计。立方体块有16个运行]
### This design will have alpha = 2; it is both orthogonal and rotatable[＃＃这样的设计有α= 2，它是两个正交旋转]
ccd(~ x1 + x2 + x3 + x4, x5 ~ x1 * x2 * x3 * x4, n0 = c(6,1))
### Generate a 5-variable design with 5 blocks:[＃＃产生5块5可变的设计：]
### 4 blocks of 8 cube points each, and 1 block with star points [＃＃4块8立方体点，有1个街区，星点]
### You'll get alpha = 2.366; if you add alpha = "rot", you'll get 2.378[＃＃你会得到α= 2.366，如果你添加α=“腐”，你会得到2.378]
des = ccd(y1 + y2 ~ A + B + C + D + E, , Shift ~ c(-A*B*C, C*D*E), n0=c(2,4))
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
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发表于 2012-9-28 22:03:06
