wilcox.test(stats)
wilcox.test()所属R语言包：stats
Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Signed Rank Tests
Wilcoxon秩和签署秩检验
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
Performs one- and two-sample Wilcoxon tests on vectors of data; the latter is also known as "Mann-Whitney" test.
执行一两样本秩测试和数据的向量，后者也被称为“曼 - 惠特尼”测试。
用法----------Usage----------
wilcox.test(x, ...)
## Default S3 method:[默认方法]
wilcox.test(x, y = NULL,
alternative = c("two.sided", "less", "greater"),
mu = 0, paired = FALSE, exact = NULL, correct = TRUE,
conf.int = FALSE, conf.level = 0.95, ...)
## S3 method for class 'formula'[类formula的方法]
wilcox.test(formula, data, subset, na.action, ...)
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：x
numeric vector of data values. Non-finite (e.g. infinite or missing) values will be omitted.
数字矢量数据值。非有限（如无限或失踪）的值将被忽略。
参数：y
an optional numeric vector of data values: as with x non-finite values will be omitted.
一个可选的数字矢量数据值：x非有限值将被忽略。
参数：alternative
a character string specifying the alternative hypothesis, must be one of "two.sided" (default), "greater" or "less". You can specify just the initial letter.
一个字符串，指定替代假说，必须是一个"two.sided"（默认），"greater"或"less"。您可以指定只的首字母。
参数：mu
a number specifying an optional parameter used to form the null hypothesis. See "Details".
一个数字，指定一个可选的参数，用来形成零假设。见“详细资料”。
参数：paired
a logical indicating whether you want a paired test.
逻辑指示是否要配对的测试。
参数：exact
a logical indicating whether an exact p-value should be computed.
逻辑是否应计算一个确切的p值。
参数：correct
a logical indicating whether to apply continuity correction in the normal approximation for the p-value.
逻辑说明是否适用于在正常近似连续性校正p值。
参数：conf.int
a logical indicating whether a confidence interval should be computed.
逻辑指示是否应计算置信区间。
参数：conf.level
confidence level of the interval.
区间的置信水平。
参数：formula
a formula of the form lhs ~ rhs where lhs is a numeric variable giving the data values and rhs a factor with two levels giving the corresponding groups.
一个公式的形式lhs ~ rhs其中lhs是一个数值变量提供的数据值和rhs的因素有两个级别给予相应的组。
参数：data
an optional matrix or data frame (or similar: see model.frame) containing the variables in the formula formula. By default the variables are taken from environment(formula).
一个可选的矩阵或数据框（或类似：看到model.frame）包含公式formula的变量。默认情况下采取的变量从environment(formula)。
参数：subset
an optional vector specifying a subset of observations to be used.
一个可选的向量，指定要使用的意见的一个子集。
参数：na.action
a function which indicates what should happen when the data contain NAs. Defaults to getOption("na.action").
一个函数，它表示数据时，包含NA的，应该发生什么。 getOption("na.action")默认。
参数：...
further arguments to be passed to or from methods.
进一步的参数被传递到或从方法。
Details
详情----------Details----------
The formula interface is only applicable for the 2-sample tests.
2样本测试只适用公式界面。
If only x is given, or if both x and y are given and paired is TRUE, a Wilcoxon signed rank test of the null that the distribution of x (in the one sample case) or of x - y (in the paired two sample case) is symmetric about mu is performed.
如果只x，或如果这两个x和y和paired是TRUE，Wilcoxon秩空试验的分布x（一个样品的情况下）或x - y（在配对的两个样本的情况）是mu进行对称。
Otherwise, if both x and y are given and paired is FALSE, a Wilcoxon rank sum test (equivalent to the Mann-Whitney test: see the Note) is carried out. In this case, the null hypothesis is that the distributions of x and y differ by a location shift of mu and the alternative is that they differ by some other location shift (and the one-sided alternative "greater" is that x is shifted to the right of y).
否则，如果x和y有paired是FALSE，Wilcoxon秩和检验（相当于的Mann-Whitney检验：见注）进行出。在这种情况下，原假设是分布x和y不同的位置移mu“的另一种方法是，他们通过一些其他的位置移位（一个不同片面替代"greater"是x被转移到y）的权利。
By default (if exact is not specified), an exact p-value is computed if the samples contain less than 50 finite values and there are no ties. Otherwise, a normal approximation is used.
（exact如果未指定），默认情况下，一个确切的p值计算，如果样品中含有有限值小于50，有没有关系。否则，一个正常的近似。
Optionally (if argument conf.int is true), a nonparametric confidence interval and an estimator for the pseudomedian (one-sample case) or for the difference of the location parameters x-y is computed. (The pseudomedian of a distribution F is the median of the distribution of (u+v)/2, where u and v are independent, each with distribution F. If F is symmetric, then the pseudomedian and median coincide. See Hollander & Wolfe (1973), page 34.) Note that in the two-sample case the estimator for the difference in location parameters does not estimate the difference in medians (a common misconception) but rather the median of the difference between a sample from x and a sample from y.
可选的（如果参数conf.int是真实的），非参数的置信区间和一个估计为pseudomedian（一个样品的情况下）或位置参数的区别x-y计算。 （分布F pseudomedian是(u+v)/2，u和v是独立的，每个分布F如果分布的中位数F是对称的，那么，pseudomedian和中位数一致。霍兰德和沃尔夫（1973），第34页）。请注意，在两个样本的情况下估计位置参数的差异并不估计中位数的差异（一个常见的误解），而是中位数从x和y样本样本之间的差异。
If exact p-values are available, an exact confidence interval is obtained by the algorithm described in Bauer (1972), and the Hodges-Lehmann estimator is employed. Otherwise, the returned confidence interval and point estimate are based on normal approximations. These are continuity-corrected for the interval but not the estimate (as the correction depends on the alternative).
如果确切的p值，得到一个确切的置信区间鲍尔（1972年）中描述的算法，并采用霍奇斯莱曼估计。否则，返回的置信区间和点估计的基础上正常的近似。这些都是连续性的修正区间，但没有估计（作为校正取决于alternative）。
With small samples it may not be possible to achieve very high confidence interval coverages. If this happens a warning will be given and an interval with lower coverage will be substituted.
小样本，可能无法达到非常高的置信区间覆盖。如果发生这种情况，将给予警告和覆盖率较低的时间间隔将被替换。
值----------Value----------
A list with class "htest" containing the following components:
一类"htest"包含以下组件的列表：
参数：statistic
the value of the test statistic with a name describing it.
的名字描述的检验统计量的值。
参数：parameter
the parameter(s) for the exact distribution of the test statistic.
为检验统计量的精确分布参数（S）。
参数：p.value
the p-value for the test.
p值的测试。
参数：null.value
the location parameter mu.
位置参数mu。
参数：alternative
a character string describing the alternative hypothesis.
字符串描述替代假说。
参数：method
the type of test applied.
应用类型的测试。
参数：data.name
a character string giving the names of the data.
字符串提供的数据的名称。
参数：conf.int
a confidence interval for the location parameter. (Only present if argument conf.int = TRUE.)
一个位置参数的置信区间。 （目前唯一的参数conf.int = TRUE。）
参数：estimate
an estimate of the location parameter. (Only present if argument conf.int = TRUE.)
位置参数的估计。 （目前唯一的参数conf.int = TRUE。）
警告----------Warning----------
This function can use large amounts of memory and stack (and even crash R if the stack limit is exceeded) if exact = TRUE and one sample is large (several thousands or more).
此功能可以使用大量的内存和栈（甚至崩溃R如果超出堆栈限制），如果exact = TRUE和一个样本是大（数千或更多）。
注意----------Note----------
The literature is not unanimous about the definitions of the Wilcoxon rank sum and Mann-Whitney tests. The two most common definitions correspond to the sum of the ranks of the first sample with the minimum value subtracted or not: R subtracts and S-PLUS does not, giving a value which is larger by m(m+1)/2 for a first sample of size m. (It seems Wilcoxon's original paper used the unadjusted sum of the ranks but subsequent tables subtracted the minimum.)
文学是不Wilcoxon秩和Mann-Whitney检验的定义一致。两种最常见的定义对应的第一个样品的最低值减去或不行列的总和：R减去，S-PLUS不，给m(m+1)/2大值，这是第一个样本大小m。 （似乎秩的原始文件，使用未经调整队伍的总和，但随后的表中减去最低。）
R's value can also be computed as the number of all pairs (x[i], y[j]) for which y[j] is not greater than x[i], the most common definition of the Mann-Whitney test.
R的值也可以作为所有对数计算(x[i], y[j])，y[j]是不是比x[i]，最常见的定义Mann-Whitney检验。
参考文献----------References----------
Constructing confidence sets using rank statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association 67, 687–690.
Nonparametric Statistical Methods. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pages 27–33 (one-sample), 68–75 (two-sample).<br> Or second edition (1999).
参见----------See Also----------
psignrank, pwilcox.
psignrank，pwilcox。
wilcox_test in package coin for exact, asymptotic and Monte Carlo conditional p-values, including in the presence of ties.
wilcox_test包coin确切的，渐进的和蒙特卡洛条件的p-值，包括中存在的关系。
kruskal.test for testing homogeneity in location parameters in the case of two or more samples; t.test for an alternative under normality assumptions [or large samples]
kruskal.test同质化的情况下在两个或两个以上的样本位置参数测试;t.test为常态假设[或大样本下替代
举例----------Examples----------
require(graphics)
## One-sample test.[＃一个样本测试。]
## Hollander & Wolfe (1973), 29f.[＃霍兰德和沃尔夫（1973），29F。]
## Hamilton depression scale factor measurements in 9 patients with[＃汉密尔顿抑郁量表因数测量9例]
## mixed anxiety and depression, taken at the first (x) and second[＃混合性焦虑和抑郁症，在第一（x）和第二]
## (y) visit after initiation of a therapy (administration of a[＃（Y）开始治疗后的访问（一个管理]
## tranquilizer).[＃镇静剂）。]
x <- c(1.83, 0.50, 1.62, 2.48, 1.68, 1.88, 1.55, 3.06, 1.30)
y <- c(0.878, 0.647, 0.598, 2.05, 1.06, 1.29, 1.06, 3.14, 1.29)
wilcox.test(x, y, paired = TRUE, alternative = "greater")
wilcox.test(y - x, alternative = "less") # The same.[相同。]
wilcox.test(y - x, alternative = "less",
exact = FALSE, correct = FALSE) # H&W large sample[H＆W公司的大样本]
# approximation[近似]
## Two-sample test.[＃两个样本测试。]
## Hollander & Wolfe (1973), 69f.[＃霍兰德和沃尔夫（1973），69f。]
## Permeability constants of the human chorioamnion (a placental[＃渗透的人类chorioamnion的常数（1胎盘]
## membrane) at term (x) and between 12 to 26 weeks gestational[＃膜）（X）在长期与12至26周妊娠]
## age (y). The alternative of interest is greater permeability[＃年龄（Y）。利益的另一种方法是更大的渗透]
## of the human chorioamnion for the term pregnancy.[＃人类chorioamnion足月妊娠。]
x <- c(0.80, 0.83, 1.89, 1.04, 1.45, 1.38, 1.91, 1.64, 0.73, 1.46)
y <- c(1.15, 0.88, 0.90, 0.74, 1.21)
wilcox.test(x, y, alternative = "g") # greater[更大的]
wilcox.test(x, y, alternative = "greater",
exact = FALSE, correct = FALSE) # H&W large sample[H＆W公司的大样本]
# approximation[近似]
wilcox.test(rnorm(10), rnorm(10, 2), conf.int = TRUE)
## Formula interface.[＃公式接口。]
boxplot(Ozone ~ Month, data = airquality)
wilcox.test(Ozone ~ Month, data = airquality,
subset = Month %in% c(5, 8))
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
注2：由于是机器人自动翻译，难免有不准确之处，使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解，可以帮助R语言的学习。
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发表于 2012-2-16 17:50:22
