topmodel(topmodel)
topmodel()所属R语言包：topmodel
implementation of the hydrological model TOPMODEL
实施水文模型TOPMODEL
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
Implementation of the 1995 Fortran version of TOPMODEL by Keith Beven.
1995年的Fortran版本的TOPMODEL由Keith Beven实施。
用法----------Usage----------
topmodel(parameters, topidx, delay, rain, ET0, verbose = F, Qobs=NA)
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：parameters
A vector or a matrix containing the input parameters (see below for the exact structure)
一个向量或矩阵的输入参数（见下文的确切结构）
参数：topidx
A 2 column matrix with respectively the topographic index classes and values (see below for the exact structure)
A 2列的矩阵分别地形指数类和价值观（见下文的确切结构）
参数：delay
Delay function for overland flow (see below)
坡面流延时功能（见下文）
参数：rain
A vector of rain data (m per timestep)
雨数据的矢量每时间步长（M）
参数：ET0
A vector of ET0 data (m per timestep)
一个矢量的ET0数据（米每时间步长）
参数：verbose
If set to TRUE, returns besides predicted discharge also overland flow, base flow and saturated zone storage
如果设置为TRUE，则返回除了预测的流量也坡面流，基流和饱和区存储
参数：Qobs
If Qobs is given, normal output is suppressed and only the Nash and Sutcliffe efficiency is returned (m per timestep)
如果Qobs的，正常的输出被抑制，只有纳什和Sutcliffe效率返回每个时间步长（米）
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
topmodel() automatically implements a Monte Carlo simulation. If the parameter argument is a single vector, the model is run once. If the parameter argument is a matrix, each row should represent a parameter set. In that case, the model is run with each parameter set (see the examples below).
TOPMODEL（）自动实现了Monte Carlo模拟。如果该参数参数是一个矢量，该模型是运行一次。如果该参数参数是一个矩阵，每一行代表一个参数集。在这种情况下，该模型是与每个参数集（参见下面实施例）运行。
A single parameter set consists of: c(qs0,lnTe,m,Sr0,SrMax,td,vch,vr,k0,CD,dt), with:
一个单一的参数设置包括：c(qs0,lnTe,m,Sr0,SrMax,td,vch,vr,k0,CD,dt)，
</table>
</ TABLE>
The topidx dataframe can be derived conveniently with make.classes(). It should contain 2 columns. The first column should give the lower boundary of each topographic index class, and the second column should give the respective area fraction. The second column must sum to 1.
的，topidx数据框可以得出与make.classes()方便。它应该包含两列。第一列的下边界的每个地形指数类和第二列，应给予相应的面积分数。第二列必须等于1。
k0 and CD are used only for the infiltration excess routine. Set k0 to a very high value to avoid infiltration excess overland flow
k0和CD仅用于浸润过量例程。设置K0到一个很高的值，以避免渗透多余的坡面流
Flow is routed through a delay function which represents the time spent in the channel system. The parameter delay is used for this. Delay is a matrix with 2 columns. The first column gives the cumulative relative area. The second column gives the average distance towards the outlet (m).
流量被路由通过代表所花费的时间的信道系统中的延迟函数。参数delay被用于此目的。延迟是一个2列的矩阵。第一列给出的累积的相对面积。第二列给出朝向出口（米）的平均距离。
值----------Value----------
The function returns an array of observed discharges. If more than one parameter set is given, a matrix is returned, with each column representing a discharge set coinciding with the parameter sets. If Qobs is given, the function returns an array of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies, 1 for each parameter sets.
该函数返回一个数组观察到的排放。如果一个以上的参数集，给出一个矩阵被返回，每一列表示一致的参数集的排出集。如果Qobs的纳什，的萨特克利夫效率，1，该函数返回一个数组，每个参数集。
If verbose output is requested, a list is returned, with the modelled discharge (Q), overland flow (qo), subsurface flow (qs), storage deficit (S), infiltration excess overland flow (fex), and actual evapotranspiration (Ea) for each time step.
如果详细的输出请求时，返回一个数组，模拟放电（Q），坡面流（QO），潜流（QS），存储亏损（S），渗透多余的坡面流器（FEX），与实际蒸散量（EA每个时间步长）。
Be aware that invoking topmodel() without Q for a large number of runs, may require a large amount of memory.
请注意，调用topmodel()无Q大量的运行，可能需要大量的记忆体。
（作者）----------Author(s)----------
Wouter Buytaert, Imperial College London
参考文献----------References----------
Beven K, Lamb R, Quinn P, Romanowicz R, Freer J, 1995. TOPMODEL. In: Sing VP (Ed), Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Water Resources Publications, Colorado. pp. 627-668.
Morel-Seytoux, H.J., Khanji, J., 1974. Derivation of an Equation of Infiltration. Water Resources Research, 10, 795-800. Beven, K., 1984. Infiltration into a Class of Vertically Non-Uniform Soils. Hydrological Sciences Journal 29, 425-434.
See also http://rwiki.sciviews.org/doku.php?id=guides:tutorials:hydrological_data_analysis for a more examples on how to run topmodel in R.
参见----------See Also----------
topidx
topidx
实例----------Examples----------
data(huagrahuma)
attach(huagrahuma)
## returns the simulated runoff (Qobs not given)[＃返回的模拟径流（Qobs没有给出）]
Qsim <- topmodel(parameters, topidx, delay, rain, ET0)
## returns a list of simulated runoff (Q), overland flow (qo), subsurface flow (qs) and storage (S):[＃返回一个列表，模拟径流（Q），坡面流（QO），潜流（QS）和存储（S）：]
Qsim <- topmodel(parameters, topidx, delay, rain,ET0, verbose = TRUE)
## plot observed and simulated discharge:[＃图观测和模拟放电：]
plot(Qobs)
points(Qsim$Q, col="red", type="l")
## For a Monte carlo sampling from a uniform distribution, we construct a parameter matrix:[＃从均匀分布的Monte Carlo抽样，我们构造了一个参数矩阵：]
runs<-10
qs0 <- runif(runs, min=0, max=4e-5)
lnTe <- runif(runs, min=-2, max=1)
m <- runif(runs, min=0, max=0.2)
Sr0 <- runif(runs, min=0, max=0.02)
Srmax <- runif(runs, min=0, max=2)
td <- runif(runs, min=0, max=3)
vch <- 1000
vr <- runif(runs, min=100, max=2500)
k0 <- runif(runs, min=0, max=0.01)
CD <- runif(runs, min=0, max=5)
dt <- 0.25
parameters<-cbind(qs0,lnTe,m,Sr0,Srmax,td,vch,vr,k0,CD,dt)
## returns an array of 10 Nash Sutcliffe efficiencies; one for each parameter set:[＃返回一个数组，每个参数集的10纳什萨特克利夫效率的一个：]
result<-topmodel(parameters, topidx, delay, rain, ET0, Qobs = Qobs)
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注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
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发表于 2012-10-1 11:05:20
