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R语言 SPEI包 Potential evapotranspiration()函数中文帮助文档(中英文对照)

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发表于 2012-9-30 14:58:11 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Potential evapotranspiration(SPEI)
Potential evapotranspiration()所属R语言包:SPEI

                                        Computation of potential evapotranspiration.
                                         潜在蒸散量的计算。

                                         译者:生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR

描述----------Description----------

Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is the amount of evaporation and transpiration that would occur if a sufficient water source were available. Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is the amount of evaporation and transpiration from a reference vegetation of grass. They are usually considered equivalent. This set of functions calculate PET or ET0 accordind to the Thornthwaite, Hargreaves or Penman-Monteith equations.
潜在蒸散量(PET)是蒸发和蒸腾量会发生,如果有足够的水源。参考蒸散量(ET0)是一个参考的草地植被的蒸发和蒸腾量。它们通常被认为是等效的。这组功能的Thornthwaite,哈格里夫斯的Penman-Monteith方程计算PET或ET0 accordind的到。


用法----------Usage----------


thornthwaite(Tave, lat, na.rm = FALSE)

hargreaves(Tmin, Tmax, Ra = NA, lat = NA, Pre = NA, na.rm = FALSE)

penman(Tmin, Tmax, U2, Ra = NA, lat = NA, Rs = NA, tsun = NA,
        CC = NA, ed = NA, Tdew = NA, RH = NA, P = NA, P0 = NA,
        z = NA, crop='short', na.rm = FALSE)



参数----------Arguments----------

参数:Tave
a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean temperatures, 潞C.
一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的月平均气温,ºC。


参数:lat
a numeric vector with the latitude of the site or sites, in degrees.
一个数值向量与一个或多个站点的纬度,以度。


参数:na.rm
optional, a logical value indicating whether NA values should be stripped from the computations.
可选的,一个逻辑值,该值指示NA值是否应该从计算中被剥离。


参数:Tmax
a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily maximum temperatures, 潞C.
一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均每天的最高温度,ºC。


参数:Tmin
a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily minimum temperatures, 潞C.
一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的月平均日最低温度,ºC。


参数:Ra
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily external radiation, MJ m-2 d-1.
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均每天外部辐射,MJ米-2的d 1。


参数:Pre
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series  of monthly total precipitations, mm.
可选的,一个数字向量,矩阵或时间系列的月总降水量,毫米。


参数:U2
a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily wind speeds at 2 m height, m s-1.  
一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均每天的风速在2米的高度,M S-1。


参数:Rs
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean dialy incoming solar radiation, MJ m-2 d-1.  
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均dialy入射的太阳辐射,MJ米-2的d 1。


参数:tsun
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily bright sunshine hours, h.  
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列月平均每天明亮的日照时数,小时。


参数:CC
optional, numeric a vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean cloud cover, %.
可选的,数字的向量,矩阵或时间序列的月平均云量,%。


参数:ed
optional, numeric a vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean saturation vapour pressure (vapour pressure at dew point) at 2 m height, kPa.
可选的,数字的向量,矩阵或时间系列的月平均饱和蒸气压(蒸汽压力露点)在2米的高度,千帕。


参数:Tdew
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean daily dewpoint temperature, 潞C
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均每天露点温度,℃


参数:RH
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean relative humidity, %.
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的月平均相对湿度%。


参数:P
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean atmospheric pressure at surface, kPa.
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间序列的每月平均气压在表面,千帕。


参数:P0
optional, a numeric vector, matrix or time series of monthly mean atmospheric pressure at sea level, kPa.
可选的,一个数值向量,矩阵或时间系列的每月平均大气压力在海平面上,千帕。


参数:z
optional, a numeric vector of the elevation of the site or sites, m above sea level.
可选的,一个数值向量的一个或多个站点,m海拔高度的升高。


参数:crop
optional, character string, type of reference crop. Either one of 'short' (default) or 'tall'.
可选,字符串类型的参考作物。任何一个“短”(默认)或“高”。


Details

详细信息----------Details----------

thornthwaite computes the monthly potential evapotranspiration (PE) according to the Thornthwaite (1948) equation. It is the simplest of the three methods, and can be used when only temperature data are available.
thornthwaite按月计算的潜在蒸散(PE)根据Thornthwaite(1948)方程。这是最简单的三种方法中,只要温度数据时,可以使用可。

hargreaves computes the monthly reference evapotranspiration (ET0) of a grass crop based on the original Hargreaves equation (1994). However, if precipitation data Pre is provided a modified form due to Droogers and Allen (2002) will be used; this equation corrects ET0 using the amount of rain of each month as a proxy for insolation. The Hargreaves method requires data on the mean external radiation, Ra. If such data are not available it can be estimated from the latitude lat and the month of the year.
hargreaves的草作物的的哈格里夫斯方程(1994)的基础上按月计算参考作物蒸散量(ET0)。然而,如果降水量数据Pre被提供了一种改进形式,由于到Droogers和Allen(2002)将使用该方程校正ET0作为日照的代理使用量下雨每月。的的哈格里夫斯方法需要数据的平均外部辐射,Ra。如果这些数据是不可用的,可以预计的纬度lat月份的一年。

penman calculates the monthly reference evapotranspiration (ET0) of a hypothetical reference crop according to the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation described in Allen et al. (1994). This is a simplification of the original Penman-Monteith equation, and has found widespread use. By default the original parameterization of Allen et al. (1994) is used, corresponding to a short reference crop of 0.12 m height. Parameterization for a tall reference crop of 0.5 m height due to Walter et al. (2002) can also be used, by setting the crop parameter to 'tall'. The method requires data on the incoming solar radiation, Rs; since this is seldom available, the code will estimate it from data on the bright sunshine duration tsun, or alternatively from data on the percent cloud cover CC. Similarly, if data on the saturation water pressure ed are not available, it is possible to estimate it from the dewpoint temperature Tdew, from the relative humidity RH or even from the minimum temperature Tmin (sorted from least to most uncertain method). Similarly, the atmospheric surface pressure P required for computing the psychrometric constant can be calculated from the atmospheric pressure at sea level P0 and the elevation z, or else it will be assumed to be constant (101.3 kPa). The code will produce an error message if a valid combination of input parameters is not provided.
penman计算每月的参考根据FAO-56 Penman-Monteith方程Allen等人在一个假想的参考作物蒸散量(ET0)。 (1994)。这是一种简化的原始Penman-Monteith方程,并已经找到广泛用途。默认情况下,原来的Allen等人的参数设置。 (1994)被使用时,对应于0.12米的高度很短的参考作物。一个高大的参考作物0.5米的高度由于Walter等参数。 (2002)也可以被使用,,通过crop参数设置为高。该方法需要对传入的太阳辐射的数据,Rs,因为这是很少,代码将估计其从日照时间tsun,或者从数据的百分比云量的数据 CC。同样,如果在饱和水压力ed不提供的数据,它是可能来估计从它的露点温度Tdew,从相对湿度RH或什至从的最低温度 Tmin排序从低到最不确定的方法。同样地,大气的表面压力P所需的计算,可以计算出从湿度常数在海平面的大气压P0和海拔z,否则它会被假定是恒定的(101.3千帕)。如果不提供输入参数的有效组合的代码会产生一个错误消息。

If the main input object (Tave, Tmin, Tmax) is a vector or a matrix, data will be treated as a sequence of monthly values starting in January. If it is a time series then the function cycle will be used to determine the position of each observation within the year (month), allowing the data to start in a month different than January.
如果主要输入对象(Tave,Tmin,Tmax)是一个向量或矩阵,数据将被视为序列年1月开始每月的值。如果它是一个时间序列,然后功能cycle将被用于确定每个观测位置年(或月)内,允许数据从一月不同于在一个月。


值----------Value----------

A time series with the values of monthly potential or reference evapotranspiration, in mm. If the input is a matrix or a multivariate time series each column will be treated as independent data (e.g., diferent observatories), and the output will be a multivariate time series.
时间序列每月潜力或参考作物蒸散量的值,单位为毫米。如果输入的是一个矩阵或一个多变量时间序列的每一列将被视为独立的数据(例如,张铁军,王赟文,李世忠,天文台),输出将是一个多变量时间序列。


(作者)----------Author(s)----------


Santiago Beguer铆a



参考文献----------References----------







实例----------Examples----------


# Load data for Tampa, lat=37.6475N, elevation=402.6 m. a.s.l.[数据加载坦帕湾,土地增值税= 37.6475N,海拔402.6米。海拔-]
# Data consists on monthly values since January 1980[自1980年1月以来的数据由每月的值]
data(wichita)
attach(wichita)
names(wichita)

# PET according to Thornthwaite[PET根据Thornthwaite]
tho <- thornthwaite(TMED,37.6475)
# Hargreaves[哈格里夫斯]
har <- hargreaves(TMIN,TMAX,lat=37.6475)
# Penman, based on sun hours, ignore NAs[笔者,根据太阳小时,忽略来港定居]
pen <- penman(TMIN,TMAX,AWND,tsun=TSUN,lat=37.6475,z=402.6,na.rm=TRUE)
# Penman, based on cloud cover[笔者,基于云盖]
pen2 <- penman(TMIN,TMAX,AWND,CC=ACSH,lat=37.6475,z=402.6,na.rm=TRUE)
# Plot them together[绘制在一起]
plot(cbind(tho,har,pen,pen2))


# Now consider the data started in June 1900[现在,考虑到1900年6月开始的数据]
thornthwaite(ts(TMED,start=c(1900,6),frequency=12),37.6475)

转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。


注:
注1:为了方便大家学习,本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成,仅供个人R语言学习参考使用,生物统计家园保留版权。
注2:由于是机器人自动翻译,难免有不准确之处,使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解,可以帮助R语言的学习。
注3:如遇到不准确之处,请在本贴的后面进行回帖,我们会逐渐进行修订。
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