sna(sna)
sna()所属R语言包：sna
Tools for Social Network Analysis
社会网络分析工具
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
sna is a package containing a range of tools for social network analysis. Supported functionality includes node and graph-level indices, structural distance and covariance methods, structural equivalence detection, p* modeling, random graph generation, and 2D/3D network visualization (among other things).
sna是一个程序包，其中包含了一系列的社会网络分析的工具。支持的功能包括节点和图形水平指数，结构的距离和协方差方法，结构等价检测，P *模型，随机图形生成，以及2D/3D可视化网络（除其他事项外）。
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
Network data for sna routines can (except as noted otherwise) appear in any of the following forms:
sna例程的网络数据（除非另有说明）出现在以下任何形式：
adjacency matrices (dimension N x N);
邻接矩阵（二维N×N个）;
arrays of adjacency matrices, aka “graph stacks” (dimension m x N x N);
阵列的邻接矩阵，又名“的图形栈”（尺寸MX的N×N）;
sna edge lists (see below);
SNA边列表（见下文）;
sparse matrix objects (from the SparseM package);
稀疏矩阵的对象（从SparseM包）;
network objects (from the network package); or
network对象（从网络数据包）;
lists of adjacency matrices/arrays, sparse matrices, and/or network objects. </ul>
邻接矩阵/数组，稀疏矩阵，和/或network对象的列表。 </ ul>
Within the package documentation, the term “graph” is used generically to refer to any or all of the above (with multiple graphs being referred to as a “graph stack”). Note that usage of sparse matrix or network objects requires that the SparseM or network package be installed, respectively. (No additional packages are required for use of adjacency matrices/arrays or lists thereof.) In general, sna routines attempt to make intelligent decisions regarding the processing of multiple graphs, but common sense is always advised; certain functions, in particular, have more specific data requirements. Calling sna functions with inappropriate input data can produce “interesting” results.
包内的文档中，术语“图形”通常用于指任何或所有的上述（被统称为“图形堆栈”与多个图形）。需要注意的是使用稀疏矩阵或network对象要求的SparseM或网络数据包进行安装。 （无需额外的软件包中使用的邻接矩阵/数组或列表。）一般情况下，sna例程试图作出明智的决定，关于多个图形处理，但常识始终是建议的某些功能，特别是，有更具体的数据要求。调用sna功能，输入不合适的数据，可以产生“有趣”的结果。
One special data type supported by the sna package (as of version 2.0) is the sna edgelist. This is a simple data format that is well-suited to representing large, sparse graphs. (As of version 2.0, many package routines also process data in this form natively, so using it can produce significant savings of time and/or memory. Prior to 2.0, all package functions coerced input data to adjacency matrix form.) An sna edgelist is a three-column matrix, containing (respectively) senders, receivers, and values for each edge in the graph. (Unvalued edges should have a value of 1.) Note that this form is invariant to the number of edges in the graph: if there are no edges, then the edgelist is a degenerate matrix of dimension 0 by 3. Edgelists for undirected graphs should be coded as fully mutual digraphs (as would be the case with an adjacency matrix), with two edges per dyad (one (i,j) edge, and one (j,i) edge). Graph size for an sna edgelist matrix is indicated by a mandatory numeric attribute, named "n". Vertex names may be optionally specified by a vector-valued attribute named "vnames". In the case of two-mode data (i.e., data with an enforced bipartition), it is possible to indicate this status via the optional "bipartite" attribute. Vertices in a two-mode edgelist should be grouped in mode order, with "n" equal to the total number of vertices (across both modes) and "bipartite" equal to the number of vertices in the first mode.
一个特殊的是由SNA包（2.0版）支持的数据类型的SNA EdgeList都。这是一个简单的数据格式，是非常适合的大型，稀疏图。 （截至2.0版，很多包程序处理数据以这种形式本身，因此使用它可以产生显着的节省了时间和/或内存。在此之前2.0，强迫邻接矩阵的形式输入数据包的所有功能的）。一个SNA EdgeList都是一个三列的矩阵，分别包含发件人，接收器，并在图中的每条边值。 （不定值边缘应具有的值为1。）请注意，这种形式图中的边的数目是不变的：如果不存在边缘，然后EdgeList，在该列表中是3的尺寸为0的退化矩阵。 Edgelists应该被编码为无向图的为完全相互有向图（如将邻接矩阵的情况下），两个边每对子（（I，J）的边缘，（J，I）的边缘）。走势图一个的SNA EdgeList都矩阵的大小来表示一个强制性的数字属性，名为"n"。顶点的名字可以随意指定一个矢量值属性名为"vnames"。在双模式数据（即，一个强制的二部划分的数据）的情况下，它是可以通过可选的"bipartite"的属性，以指示此状态。顶点在双模式EdgeList都应该在模式顺序进行分组，用"n"等于顶点的总数（跨越两种模式下）和"bipartite"等于顶点的数目在第一模式。
Direct creation of sna edgelists can be performed by creating a three-column matrix and using the attr function to create the required "n" attribute. Alternately, the function as.edgelist.sna can be used to coerce data in any of the above forms to an sna edgelist. By turns, the function as.sociomatrix.sna can be used to convert any of these data types to adjacency matrix form.
直接创建的SNA edgelists的，可以通过创建一个三列矩阵，使用attr功能以创建所需的"n"属性。或者，功能as.edgelist.sna可以用于在上述的任何形式的SNA EdgeList，在该列表中的数据强制。转弯时，函数as.sociomatrix.sna可以用来转换这些数据类型的邻接矩阵的形式。
To get started with sna, try obtaining viewing the list of available functions. This can be accomplished via the command library(help=sna).
要开始使用sna，查看可用功能列表中尝试获得。这可以通过经由命令library(help=sna)。
注意----------Note----------
If you use this package and/or software manual in your work, a citation would be appreciated. References to the current versions are:
如果你使用这个包和/或软件在你的工作手册，引用将不胜感激。参考当前版本是：
Butts, Carter T. (2010). “sna: Tools for Social Network Analysis.” R package version 2.1.
巴茨，卡特T.（2010）。 “SNA社会网络分析的工具。”R包2.1版。
Butts, Carter T. (2010). “Software Manual for the R sna Package.” R package version 2.1.
巴茨，卡特T.（2010）。软件手册“的R SNA包装。”R包2.1版。
See also the following paper, which explores the package in some detail:
请参阅以下的纸张，也探讨了包的一些细节：
Butts, Carter T. (2008). “Social Network Analysis with sna.” Journal of Statistical Software, 24(6).
巴茨：卡特，T.（2008）。 “社会网络分析与SNA。”杂志的统计软件，24（6）。
If utilizing a contributed routine, please also consider recognizing the author(s) of that specific function. Contributing authors, if any, are listed on the relevant manual pages. Your support helps to encourage the growth of the sna package, and is greatly valued!
如果利用一个贡献常规，也请考虑承认作者（S），具体功能。特约作者，如果有的话，列在相关的手册页。您的支持，鼓励发展的sna包，并大大价值的！
（作者）----------Author(s)----------
Carter T. Butts <a href="mailto:buttsc@uci.edu">buttsc@uci.edu</a>
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
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发表于 2012-9-30 11:02:23
