ex2115(Sleuth2)
ex2115()所属R语言包：Sleuth2
Belief Accessibility
信仰无障碍
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
The study the effect of context questions prior to target questions, researchers conducted a poll involving 1,054 subjects selected randomly from the Chicago phone directory. To include possibly unlisted phones, selected numbers were randomly altered in the last position. This data frame contains the responses to one of the questions asked concerning continuing U.S. aid to the Nicaraguan Contra rebels. Eight different versions of the interview were given, representing all possible combinations of three factors at each of two levels. The experimental factors were Context, Mode and Level.
这项研究的影响范围内的问题之前，目标的问题，研究人员进行了一项民意调查，涉及1,054位随机选择从芝加哥的检测目录。要有可能非上市手机，选择的数字是随机改变的最后一个位置。该数据框包含的回应，关于继续美国的援助，尼加拉瓜魂斗罗叛军提出的问题。给定的八个不同的版本的采访，代表所有可能的组合的三个因素在每个两个层次。实验因素Context，Mode和Level。
Context refers to the type of context questions preceding the question about Nicaraguan aid. Some subjects received a context question about Vietnam, designed to elicit reticence about having the U.S. become involved in another foreign war in a third–world country. The other context question was about Cuba, designed to elicit anti–communist sentiments.
Context是指前对尼加拉瓜的援助问题的类型范围内的问题。部分科目收到关于越南问题的背景下，旨在引起美国成为另一个在第三世界国家的对外战争中的缄默。其他环境问题是关于古巴，旨在引起反共产主义情绪。
Mode refers to whether the target question immediately followed the context question or whether there were other questions scattered in between.
Mode是指的目标问题是否紧随其后的背景问题，或散落在两者之间是否有其他问题。
Level refers to two versions of the context question. In the "high" level the question was worded to elicit a higher level of agreement than in the "low" level wording.
Level指的是两个版本的背景问题。 "high"水平的问题的措辞比"low"水平的措辞引起更高级别的协议。
用法----------Usage----------
ex2115
格式----------Format----------
A data frame with 8 observations on the following 5 variables.
观察以下5个变量的数据框。
ContextFactor referring to the context of the question preceding the target question about U.S. aid to the Nicaraguan Contra rebels
Context因子指的是这个问题的背景下，前美国向尼加拉瓜魂斗罗反政府武装的援助目标的问题
ModeFactor with levels "not" and "scattered", "scattered" is used if the target question was not asked directly after the context question
Mode因子与水平"not"和"scattered"，"scattered"如果目标问题没有直接问的背景问题
LevelFactor with levels "low" and "high", refers to the wording of the question
Level因子与水平"low"和"high"，指的是这个问题的措辞
MNumber of people interviewed
M人数采访
PercentPercentage in favour of Contra aid
Percent的百分比赞成魂斗罗援助的
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
Increasingly, politicians look to public opinion surveys to shape their public stances. Does this represent the ultimate in democracy? Or are seemingly scientific polls being rigged by the manner of questioning? Psychologists believe that opinions—expressed as answers to questions—are usually generated at the time the question is asked. Answers are based on a quick sampling of relevant beliefs held by the subject, rather than a systematic canvas of all such beliefs. Furthermore, this sampling of beliefs tends to overrepresent whatever beliefs happen to be most accessible at the time the question is asked. This aspect of delivering opinions can be abused by the pollster. Here, for example, is one sequence of questions:
越来越多的政治家民意调查来塑造自己的公众立场。这是否代表最终在民主吗？或者是看似科学的民意调查被操纵的方式质疑呢？心理学家认为，意见表达问题的解答的问题是问的时候，通常会生成。答案是基于信念的主题，所有这样的信念，而不是系统的帆布上的快速采样。此外，本次抽查的信念，往往overrepresent任何信仰发生的问题是问的时候，是最方便的。可能会被滥用的民意测验专家提供这方面的意见。在这里，例如，是一个序列的问题：
(1)“Do you believe the Bill of Rights protects personal freedom?”
（1）“你相信人权法案保护个人的自由吗？”
(2)“Are you in favor of a ban on handguns?” Here is another:
（2）“你有利于对手枪的禁令吗？”这里是另一个：
(1)“Do you think something should be done to reduce violent crime?”
（1）“你认为应该做的事情，以减少暴力犯罪吗？”
(2)“Are you in favor of a ban on handguns?” The proportion of yes answers to question 2 may be quite different depending on which question 1 is asked first.
（2）“你有利于对手枪的禁令吗？”的比例是问题2的答案可能是完全不同的，这取决于问的问题1第一。
源----------Source----------
Ramsey, F.L. and Schafer, D.W. (2002). The Statistical Sleuth: A Course in Methods of Data Analysis (2nd ed), Duxbury.
拉姆齐，F.L.和Schafer，D.W. （2002年）。的统计的猎犬：A课程方法的数据分析（第二版），达克斯伯里。
参考文献----------References----------
Tourangeau, R., Rasinski, K.A., Bradburn, N. and D'Andrade, R. (1989). Belief Accessibility and Context Effects in Attitude Measurement, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 25: 401–421.
实例----------Examples----------
str(ex2115)
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
注2：由于是机器人自动翻译，难免有不准确之处，使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解，可以帮助R语言的学习。
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发表于 2012-9-30 10:07:22
