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R语言 sendplot包 sendplot()函数中文帮助文档(中英文对照)

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发表于 2012-9-30 00:51:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
sendplot(sendplot)
sendplot()所属R语言包:sendplot

                                        CREATES WEB BROWSER INTERACTIVE PLOT - DEPRECATED
                                         创建Web浏览器的交互式绘图 -  DEPRECATED

                                         译者:生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR

描述----------Description----------

This function takes in a layout, a list of plot calls, and sample information. It generates a static image of plots. It also generates an html file with an interactive version of the image.
此功能需要在布局中,列表中的图需要,和样品信息。它生成的静态影像图。它还会生成一个HTML文件,图像的交互式版本。


用法----------Usage----------


sendplot(mat, plot.calls,  x,y, mai.mat=NA, mai.prc=FALSE, xlim=NA, ylim=NA,
         z=NA,z.value="value", type="scatterplot", plt.extras =NA,
         x.lbls=NA, y.lbls=NA, xy.lbls=NA,
         x.links=NA, y.links=NA,
         xy.links=NA,asLinks=NA,
         bound.pt = FALSE,source.plot=NA,
         resize="800x1100", ps.paper="letter",ps.width=8,
         ps.height=11,fname.root="test",dir="./",header="v2",
         paint=FALSE, img.prog = NA,
         up.left=c(288,203),low.right=c(620,940),
         spot.radius=5, automap=FALSE, automap.method="mode")



参数----------Arguments----------

参数:mat
matrix indicating layout. This argument will be passed into the graphics package layout call as mat.Each value in the matrix must be '0' or a positive integer.  If N is the largest positive integer in the matrix, then the integers 1,...,N-1 must also appear at least once in the matrix.   
矩阵指示布局。此参数将被传递到图形调用封装布局矩阵中的mat.Each值必须为0或正整数。如果N是在基体中的最大的正整数,则整数1,...,N-1,也必须至少一次出现在矩阵中。


参数:plot.calls
character vector containing plot calls
字符向量的图需要


参数:mai.mat
n x 4 matrix of values to be passed in for each plots par mai. n is equal to the length of plot.calls. If NA, uses default margins
NX 4矩阵的值来传递为每个图面值迈。 n是等于plot.calls的长度。如果不适用,使用默认页边距


参数:mai.prc
logical indicating if mai mat values are percentages or hard coded values. If mai.proc is T, indicates percentage.
逻辑说明,如果迈垫值的百分比或硬编码值。如果mai.proc是T,表示百分比。


参数:xlim
xlim values for the first plot call. This is required to set up intereactive plot for scatterplots. May be left NA. If this is NA and type is scatterplot the xlim will become the range of x values
XLIM值的第一个图调用。这是必需的为散点图,成立intereactive的图。可能会留下NA。如果这是NA和类型是散点图作适当调整将成为x的值的范围内


参数:ylim
ylim values for the first plot call. This is required to set up interactive plot for scatterplots.May be left NA. If this is NA and type is scatterplot the ylim will become the range of y values
ylim值的第一个图调用。这是需要设置了互动的图scatterplots.May被留下NA。如果这是NA和类型是散点图的ylim将成为y的值的范围内


参数:x
vector of x values for the first plot call
第一条曲线的呼叫向量的x值


参数:y
vector of y values for the first plot call
第一标绘呼叫的矢量的y值


参数:z
vector of z values if the fist plot call is an image. If the plot call is not an image this may be left as NA
矢量的z值,如果的拳头图调用图像。如果图调用图像可以保留NA


参数:z.value
character vector indicating the label for what the z argument holds.
字符向量表示的z参数的标签。


参数:type
type of plot for the first plot call. Currently supports types are scatterplot or image
第一条曲线的呼叫类型的图。目前支持的类型是散点图或图像


参数:plt.extras
List of length equal to the number of plot.calls. This object is a list of lists. The sublists contain any additional plotting calls that should be executed for the plot. Each entry must be a character vector. If no additional plotting is required, an NA should be used
长度相等的数目plot.calls名单。这个对象是一个列表的列表。子表包含的图,应执行任何额外的绘图调用。每个条目必须是一个字符向量。如果没有附加的绘图是必需的,应该使用的NA


参数:x.lbls
data frame of n x m which contains values relating to the x axis of the first plot. n should be the length of the x argument. m columns contains information regarding sample. This information is displayed in the interactive plot window
的NXM其中包含有关第一标绘在x轴上的值的数据框。 n应的长度的X的参数。 m列包含有关样品的信息。此信息将显示在交互式绘图窗口


参数:y.lbls
data frame of n x m which contains values relating to the y axis of the first plot. n should be the length of the y argument. m columns contains information regarding sample. This information is displayed in the interactive plot window
NXM其中包含有关第一标绘在y轴的值的数据框。 n应该是y参数的长度。 m列包含有关样品的信息。此信息将显示在交互式绘图窗口


参数:xy.lbls
list of matricies. All matricies should be of n x m where n is the length of y and m is the length of x. This information is displayed in the interactive plot window  
列表的matricies。所有matricies应该是NXM其中n是y的长度,m是x的长度。此信息将显示在交互式绘图窗口


参数:x.links
data frame of n x m which contains web addresses for links relating to the x axis of the first plot. n should be the length of the x argument. m columns contains information regarding sample. This information is displayed as hyperlinks in the interactive plot window.
数据框NXM其中包含有关第一条曲线的x轴的链接的网页地址。 n应的长度的X的参数。 m列包含有关样品的信息。此信息显示作为交互式绘图窗口中的超链接。


参数:y.links
data frame of n x m which contains web addresses for links relating to the y axis of the first plot. n should be the length of the y argument. m columns contains information regarding sample. This information is displayed as hyperlinks in the interactive plot window.
数据框的NXM包含网络地址有关的所述第一标绘在y轴的链接中。 n应该是y参数的长度。 m列包含有关样品的信息。此信息显示作为交互式绘图窗口中的超链接。


参数:xy.links
list of matricies. All matricies should be of n x m where n is the length of y and m is the length of x. This information is displayed in the interactive plot window as hyperlinks. The values in these matricies should be complete web address
列表的matricies。所有matricies应该是NXM其中n是y的长度,m是x的长度。为超链接的互动式绘图窗口中显示此信息。值在这些matricies应是完整的Web地址


参数:asLinks
contains complete web address for points that should be treated as hyperlinks. May be a data.frame or matrix of n x m where n is the length of y and m is the length of x, a vector of length x indicating x specific links that will be repeated, a vector of length y indicating y specific links that will be repeated, a non NA value of length 1 that will be repeated for all points, or a vector of length x*y
包含完整的网络地址应被视为超链接点。可能是一个数据框或矩阵NXM其中n是y的长度,m是长度的矢量的长度为x,所述指示所述特定的链接,将被重复,一个向量的长度y指示Y特异链接,将被重复,非NA值的长度为1,将重复的所有点,或向量,长度为x * y的


参数:bound.pt
logical indicating if red points should be plotted to aid in finding the upper left and lower right coordinates of a scatterplot. If bound.pt is FALSE, indicates that up.left and low.right arguments are correct and will make the html file
逻辑指示如果加上红色点应绘制,以帮助在寻找的左上角和右下角的坐标的散点图。如果bound.pt是FALSE,表示up.left参数和low.right参数是正确的,并会在html文件


参数:source.plot
Indicates whether application should make a postscript file and then convert to png file, or if the png file should be made directly. This value is either ps, png, or NA. If NA the operating system is checked and the appropraite file format is output. Unix has a convert function that can convert a ps file to png file; we by default use this setup because we feel the postscript file maintains better quality. So on unix/linux systems if source.plot is NA, source.plot will be set to ps. Windows does not have this option, for this reason source.plot will be set to png if left NA
指示应用程序是否应该让一个postscript文件,然后转换成PNG文件,或png文件应直接。这个值可以是PS,PNG或NA。如果NA的操作系统被选中并且建立适合的文件格式是输出。 Unix系统有一个转换功能,可以将一个PS文件转换为png文件,默认情况下,使用这种设置,因为我们觉得postscript文件保持更好的质量。因此,在UNIX / Linux系统如果source.plot是NA,source.plot将被设置为PS。 Windows并没有这个选项,因为这个原因source.plot将被设置为PNG,如果不适用


参数:resize
character indicating resize value. The postscript version will be resized to this value when converted to .png.
字符表示缩放值。 PostScript版本时,这个值将被调整。PNG转换为。


参数:ps.paper
postscript paper argument
PostScript的纸张参数


参数:ps.width
postscript width argument
后记宽度参数


参数:ps.height
postscript height argument
后记高度参数


参数:fname.root
Base name to use for posctscript, .png, and html file names.
为posctscript,PNG,和html文件名的基本名称使用。


参数:dir
directory path to where files should be created
应建立文件的目录路径


参数:paint
logical indicating if application should automatically open .png file for the user to view .png file and/or to retrieve needed bounding values of the first plot call. see details
逻辑表明,如果应用程序应该会自动打开。png文件,供用户查看。png文件和/或检索所需要边界值的第一条曲线呼叫。详情请参阅


参数:header
May either be v1 or v2. This determines which tooltip header will be in the html file. Each version has different features or works well with different web browsers. see sp.header for details.
可能是V1或V2。这决定了哪些工具提示头将在HTML文件中。每个版本都有不同的特点,或与不同的Web浏览器。有关详细信息,请参阅sp.header。


参数:img.prog
If paint is TRUE, the command line call that will open a program to view .png file to retrieve pixil locations of interactive plot bounds. If this is left NA, the operating system is checked and a default program is used. For unix the default application is kolourpaint and for windows it is microsoft paint (mspaint)
如果涂料是TRUE,命令行调用,将打开一个程序来查看。png文件检索pixil交互式绘图边界的位置。如果没有此NA时,操作系统被选中并且使用一个默认程序。对于UNIX,默认应用程序kolourpaint的的和Windows是Microsoft画图(MSPAINT)


参数:up.left
The x and y value in pixels of the upper left hand corner of the first plot call. see details
的x和y的值以像素为单位的左上角的第一标绘呼叫。详情请参阅


参数:low.right
The x and y value in pixels of the lower right hand corner of the first plot call. see details
的x和y的值以像素为单位的右下角的第一标绘呼叫。详情请参阅


参数:spot.radius
radius of circle in pixels indicating area that will be interactive around the center of graphed points
圆的半径,在指示区域的像素,将绘制的点的中心周围是交互式


参数:automap
automatic detection of up.left and low.right bound points. Fully functional on linux/unix machines only.
的up.left和low.right绑定点的自动检测。全功能仅在Linux / UNIX机器。


参数:automap.method
Method to detect upper and lower bounds. Current options are mode or median
方法检测上限和下限。当前选择的模式或中位数


Details

详细信息----------Details----------

The functions in the sendplot library allow R users to generate interactive plots with tool-tip content. A pair of files are created : a Portable Network Graphics (PNG) file which is a bitmap image and an HTML file which contains embedded Javascript code for dynamically generating tool-tips. When opened with a supported browser, the HTML file displays the PNG image and the user is able to mouse over and view tool-tip windows for user specified image locations. The information that appears in the tool-tip windows is user specified and highly customizable. The tool-tip functionality is provided by code from the  wz\_tooltip.js Javascript library (Zorn 2007) which is embedded in the HTML output.
功能在sendplot库允许R用户产生互动的图与工具提示内容。一对文件中创建了一个可移植网络图形(PNG)文件,该文件是一个位图图像和HTML文件,其中包含嵌入的JavaScript代码动态生成的工具提示。支持的浏览器,当打开该HTML文件显示PNG图像,用户可以鼠标和工具提示窗口,用户指定的图像位置。在工具提示窗口显示的信息是用户指定和高度可定制的。工具提示功能的WZ \ _tooltip.js Javascript库(佐恩2007年),这是嵌入在HTML输出的代码。

The sendplot function constitutes the primary function of the sendplot library. It allows for the generation of interactive xy (i.e., scatter-plot) and image (i.e., heatmap) plots, which can contain any number of decorative (i.e., non-interactive) plots.
sendplot功能构成的sendplot库的主要功能。允许互动XY(即散点图)和图像(即热图)图,其中可以包含任意数量的装饰性(即非交互式)图产生的。

The creation of interactive plots with tool-tip content requires the development of the following components:
工具提示内容的互动图的创作需要发展以下几部分组成:

1. The static plot image. The library supports the following: a simple xy-plot (sendxy), a simple image plot (sendimage), a heatmap with decorative dendrograms (heatmap.send), or a flexible layout of plots which contains one interactive xy-plot or image plot (sendplot). The functions in the sendplot library allow for the full complement of graphical bells and whistles which are available in R (e.g., custom axes, inclusion of legends, math symbols, etc.).
1。的静态图图像。该库支持以下功能:一个简单的XY-的图(sendxy),一个简单的图像图(sendImage的),一个热图的装饰树状图(heatmap.send),或一个灵活的布局图,其中包含一个互动式的XY图或影像图(sendplot)。让在sendplot库的功能完整的图形可在R(例如,自定义轴,包括传说,数学符号等)的钟声和口哨声。

2. The plotted point to pixel mapping. The sendplot functions output an HTML file and a PNG image. The HTML file contains an image map which identifies the interactive regions of the PNG image (i.e., the regions for which a tool-tip will appear). The image map requires a mapping of the plotted point coordinates as specified in the R plotting calls that generated them to the corresponding pixel location on the final PNG image. The sendplot functions build this map by identifying the upper-left and lower-right locations in the original plotting coordinate system and in the final pixel coordinate system. The functions provide a convenient mechanism to accomplish this.
2。绘制点到像素的映射。 sendplot功能输出一个HTML文件和一个PNG图像。 HTML文件中包含一个图像图的PNG图像识别的交互区域(即区域会出现一个工具提示)。的图像映射需要的标绘点的坐标为指定呼叫生成它们到相应的像素位置上的最后的PNG图像绘制在R的映射。 sendplot功能构建此通过确定在绘制原始坐标系,并在最后的像素坐标系统的左上和右下位置的图。功能提供了一个方便的机制来做到这一点。

3. The tool-tip content lists. The sendplot functions allow users to specify  x-specific, y-specific, and point specific (e.g., xy-specific) information to be displayed in the tool-tip.
3。刀尖内容列表。 sendplot功能允许用户指定x的特定的,具体而言,γ-和点特定的(例如,xy的特定的)要显示的信息中的刀尖。

The sendplot functions on windows machines are typically run in two iterations when creating interactive plots for the first time. In the first iteration, the PNG file is created and then opened in a program such as mspaint or kolourpaint so that the upper-left and lower-right pixel coordinates are identified. In the second iteration, the function is called again using the pixel coordinates identified in the first iteration and the PNG and HTML output files are created. Note: the first iteration need not be repeated for calls that use the sample plot type and output image size as the upper-left and lower-right pixel will not change.
第一次创建交互式的图时,通常运行在Windows机器上的两个迭代sendplot功能。在第一次迭代中,PNG文件被创建,然后打开如MSPAINT或kolourpaint使得的左上角和右下角的像素的坐标被确定在一个程序中。在第二次循环中调用该函数时使用的像素坐标确定在第一次迭代和PNG和HTML输出文件的创建。注意:在第一次迭代需要不被重复使用的样地类型和输出图像尺寸的左上角和右下角的像素不会改变的呼叫。

On linux machines, there is an option for automatic detection of the upper-left and lower-right pixil coordinates. This utilizes ImageMagick's convert program install on most linux machines, and the rtiff R library's readTiff function. This eliminates the need for a second iteration. For windows users, this option is viable if the user has the ability to convert a PNG image to a TIF image; two iterations are still needed. See vignette for details.  
在Linux机器上,有一个选项为自动检测的的左上角和右下pixil的坐标。这是利用ImageMagick的转换程序安装在大多数Linux机器,和rtiff R库的readTiff功能的。这消除了需要的第二迭代。对于Windows用户,这个选项是可行的,如果用户有一个TIF图像转换为PNG图像的能力,还需要两次迭代。小插曲的详细信息。

Users are encouraged to read the package vignette which includes a detailed discussion of all function arguments as well as several useful examples.
我们鼓励用户阅读的的包小插曲,其中包括详细讨论了函数的所有参数以及一些有用的例子。


值----------Value----------

Creates a static .ps and .png file, and an interactive html file
创建一个静态的。ps和png文件,和一个交互的HTML文件


注意----------Note----------

The x and y mappings to the interactive plot are created using the x and y vectors passed in as an argument to sendplot. Note: this could be handy if for example the user plotted more points to the first plot using the plt.extras argument. If the user wanted all points interactive, the x and y values of the sendplot argument would be a combination of all plotted points.
x和y的互动图的映射是使用x和y向量作为参数sendplot传递。注意:这可能是很方便的,例如,如果用户绘制的第一个图点,使用plt.extras参数。如果用户想点互动,x和y的值的sendplot参数将所有绘制的点的组合。

The interactive html plot currently only works in web browsers that implement java script.
交互的HTML图目前只适用于在实现Java脚本的Web浏览器。

The code used to create the javascript embedded in html file is a modified version of the javascript code or from the open source tooltip library. see reference links
用于创建JavaScript嵌入在HTML文件中的代码是修改后的版本的JavaScript代码的开源工具提示库。见参考文献链接

This function is deprecated. Please see initSplot, makeImap, and makeSplot  for updated version.
此功能已经过时了。请参阅initSplot,makeImap,和makeSplot更新的版本。


(作者)----------Author(s)----------


Daniel P. Gaile, Lori A. Shepherd



参考文献----------References----------





参见----------See Also----------

initSplot, makeImap, makeSplot, imagesend,
initSplot,makeImap,makeSplot,imagesend,


实例----------Examples----------


# see vignette for more advanced example[看到小插曲更高级的例子]


#[]
# first example of scatterplot[第一个例子中的散点图]
#[]
# note: we assume that the function has already been run once[注:我们假设的功能已经被执行一次]
#       to retrieve the pixel locations of the upper left and lower[检索的左上角的像素的位置和下]
#       right corners. If this had not been the case, the function would[右边的角落。如果没有的情况下,该函数]
#       need to have been run with bound.pt = T, perhaps paint = T[已运行与bound.pt = T,也许是画= T]
#       []
#[]
# The up.left and low.right values are correct if run in [的up.left价值和low.right价值是正确的,如果运行在]
#  unix/linux environment - for window users the coordinates will not be[UNIX / Linux环境 - 窗口中用户的坐标将不]
#  correct[纠正]


library(sendplot)

# create a layout with four plots[创建一个布局,四个图]
mat = matrix(c(rep(c(rep(3,8),rep(5,2)),1),
       rep(c(rep(1,8),rep(4,2)),14),
       rep(c(rep(2,8),rep(6,2)),2)),
       ncol=10,byrow=TRUE)

# create x and y points [创建x和y分]
x=rnorm(16)
y=rnorm(16)

# list of plot calls - what plot call to use for the four plots[图调用列表 - 什么样的图调用使用的四个图]
plot.calls = c("plot(x,y,col='green', pch=3)","plot(0,0, col='purple',pch=22,bg='purple')","plot(1:3,1:3, type='b',pch=21,bg='red',col='red')","curve(x^3-3*x,-2,2, col='blue')")

# create matrix of margin parameters[创建矩阵的保证金参数]
mai.mat = matrix(0, ncol=4, nrow=4, byrow=TRUE)
m1 = c(.25,0,.25,.5)
m2 = c(.4,0,.25,.5)
m3 = c(.1,0,.1,.5)
m4 = c(.25,0,.25,0)
mai.mat[1,] = m1
mai.mat[2,] = m2
mai.mat[3,] = m3
mai.mat[4,] = m4

# x and y limits of the first graph in the plot call[第一张图中的图调用的x和y的限制]
# in this case xlim and ylim values of plot(x,y,col='green', pch=3)[在这种情况下,图作适当调整和ylim值(X,Y,列=绿色,PCH = 3)]
xlim = range(x, na.rm=TRUE)
xlim = c(xlim[1]-.1, xlim[2]+.1)
ylim = range(y, na.rm=TRUE)
ylim = c(ylim[1]-.1, ylim[2]+.1)

# data frame of sample information to display in interactive plot[数据框的样本信息显示在交互式绘图]
# since scatterplot has equal number of pts no need to be x, y, or xy specific[因为散点图有相同数量的点没有必要为X,Y,或XY特定的]
x.lbls = list()
x.lbls$test = rep(c("a","b","c","d"),4)
x.lbls$num = 1:16
x.lbls = as.data.frame(x.lbls)



#set up temporary directory[设立临时目录]
direct = paste(tempdir(),"/",sep="")
direct


sendplot(mat, plot.calls, mai.mat,
         xlim=xlim, ylim=ylim,type="scatterplot",
         x=x,y=y,z=NA,
         x.lbls=x.lbls, y.lbls=NA, xy.lbls=NA, source.plot=NA,
         resize="1200x1700", fname.root="testScatterplot",dir=direct,
         paint=FALSE, bound.pt=FALSE,img.prog = NA,
         spot.radius=5, up.left=c(186,199),low.right=c(767,1264))

# there will now be a static postscript and .png file that may be viewed[现在是一个静态的postscript和png文件,可以被看作]
# as well as an html file that can be opened with firefox that has[以及与Firefox有一个html文件,可以打开]
# interactive version [互动版]



#[]
#[]
# second example of image[第二个例子中的图像]
#[]
# note: we assume that the function has already been run once[注:我们假设的功能已经被执行一次]
#       to retrieve the pixel locations of the upper left and lower[检索的左上角的像素的位置和下]
#       right corners. If this had not been the case, the function would[右边的角落。如果没有的情况下,该函数]
#       need to have been run with perhaps paint = T [需要一直运行,也许漆= T]
#       []
#[]
# The up.left and low.right values are correct if run in [的up.left价值和low.right价值是正确的,如果运行在]
#  unix/linux environment - for window users the coordinates will not be[UNIX / Linux环境 - 窗口中用户的坐标将不]
#  correct[纠正]


library(sendplot)

# create a layout with four plots[创建一个布局,四个图]
mat = matrix(c(rep(c(rep(3,8),rep(5,2)),1),
       rep(c(rep(1,8),rep(4,2)),14),
       rep(c(rep(2,8),rep(6,2)),2)),
       ncol=10,byrow=TRUE)

# create x and y points, and z matrix of values for image [创建用于图像的值的x和y的点,和z矩阵]
y=c(1:5,10,20,22,30,36)
x=c(1,2,4,5,8)
z=matrix(rnorm(50), nrow=5, ncol=10)

# list of plot calls - what plot call to use for the four plots[图调用列表 - 什么样的图调用使用的四个图]
plot.calls = c("image(x=x, y=y, z=z)",
    "plot(0,0, col='purple',pch=22,bg='purple')","plot(1:3,1:3, type='b',pch=21,bg='red',col='red')","curve(x^3-3*x,-2,2, col='blue')")

# create matrix of margin parameters[创建矩阵的保证金参数]
mai.mat = matrix(0, ncol=4, nrow=4, byrow=TRUE)
m1 = c(.25,0,.25,.5)
m2 = c(.4,0,.25,.5)
m3 = c(.1,0,.1,.5)
m4 = c(.25,0,.25,0)
mai.mat[1,] = m1
mai.mat[2,] = m2
mai.mat[3,] = m3
mai.mat[4,] = m4

# mock data frames of x specific and y specific data[模拟数据框的x具体的和y的具体数据]
x.lbls = list()
x.lbls$test = c("a","b","c","d","e")
x.lbls$num = 1:5
x.lbls = as.data.frame(x.lbls)
y.lbls = list()
y.lbls$test2 = rep(c("f","g","h","i","j"),2)
y.lbls$num2 = 10:1
y.lbls=as.data.frame(y.lbls)

# mock list of data frames of xy specific data[模拟的的XY特定数据的数据框列表]
xy.lbls = list()
xy.lbls$one = matrix(1,nrow=10,ncol=5)
xy.lbls$two = matrix(2,nrow=10,ncol=5)
xy.lbls$aa = matrix("a", nrow=10,ncol=5)





sendplot(mat, plot.calls, mai.mat,
         xlim=NA, ylim=NA,type="image",
         x=x,y=y,z=z, z.value="value",
         x.lbls=x.lbls, y.lbls = y.lbls, xy.lbls=xy.lbls,
         resize="1200x1700", fname.root="testimage",source.plot=NA,
         dir=direct, paint=FALSE,img.prog = NA, bound.pt=FALSE, spot.radius=8,
         up.left=c(163,156),low.right=c(790,1310))


# there will now be a static postscript and .png file that may be viewed[现在是一个静态的postscript和png文件,可以被看作]
# as well as an html file that can be opened with firefox that has[以及与Firefox有一个html文件,可以打开]
# interactive version [互动版]




转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。


注:
注1:为了方便大家学习,本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成,仅供个人R语言学习参考使用,生物统计家园保留版权。
注2:由于是机器人自动翻译,难免有不准确之处,使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解,可以帮助R语言的学习。
注3:如遇到不准确之处,请在本贴的后面进行回帖,我们会逐渐进行修订。
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