R语言 sapa包 taper()函数中文帮助文档(中英文对照)

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taper(sapa)
taper()所属R语言包：sapa

                                        Oracle function for obtaining a particular taper/window
                                         Oracle函数用于获得一个特定的锥形/窗口

                                         译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR

描述----------Description----------

Develop signal processing tapers or windows.
开发信号处理锥度或Windows。


用法----------Usage----------


    sigma=0.3, beta=4*pi*(n.sample-1)/n.sample, cutoff=floor(n.sample/2),
    sidelobedB=80, roughness=n.sample/2, flatness=0.3,



参数----------Arguments----------

参数：bandwidth
bandwidth for DPSS tapers. See Details for more information. Default: 4.
DPSS逐渐变细的带宽。见Details更多信息。默认值：4。


参数：beta
kaiser window shape factor (must be positive or zero). See Details for more information. Default: 4*pi*(n.sample-1)/n.sample.
Kaiser窗形状因子（必须是正数或零）。见Details更多信息。默认值：4*pi*(n.sample-1)/n.sample。


参数：cutoff
parzen or Papoulis window cutoff (must be greater than unity). See Details for more information. Default: floor(n.sample/2).
概率密度函数或Papoulis窗口截止（必须大于1）。见Details更多信息。默认值：floor(n.sample/2)。


参数：flatness
raised cosine taper flatness fraction (must be on [0,1]). See Details for more information. Default: 0.3.
的升余弦锥度平整度分数（必须是在[0,1]）。见Details更多信息。默认值：0.3。


参数：n.sample
an integer denoting the number of samples. Default: 1000.
的整数表示的样本数。默认值：1000。


参数：n.taper
an integer defining the multitaper order (number of orthogonal tapers) to use in a multitaper scheme. The taper order directly impacts the quality of the SDF estimate. Low taper orders are usually associated with SDF estimates with low bias and high variance, while high taper orders attenuate the variance of the estimate at the risk of incurring a large bias. This tradeoff between bias and variance is unavoidable but taper order allows you to tune the SDF to meet the needs of your application. Studies show that a multitaper order of 5 typically provides a good balance with reasonably low bias and variance properties (see the references for more details). Default: NULL, which serves as a flag to set the default taper order depending on the type of taper chosen for the analysis. If sine or dpss multitapers are chosen, the default taper order is 5, otherwise is set to unity.
一个整数，定义多窗口的顺序（正交锥）使用的多窗口计划。锥度为了直接影响日本自卫队预算的质量。低锥度订单通常与SDF低偏置和高方差的估计，而高锥订单衰减的方差估计的风险承担较大的偏差。这种偏差和方差之间的权衡是不可避免的，，但锥度为了让您调整自卫队，以满足您的应用需求。研究表明，一个典型的多窗口为5提供了一个很好的平衡与合理的低偏差和方差的性质（有关详细信息，请参阅参考资料）。默认值：NULL，它作为一个标志来设置默认的锥度以便根据分析所选择的类型的锥形。如果sine或dpssmultitapers选择，默认的锥度为5阶，否则被设置为统一。


参数：normalize
a logical value. If TRUE, the taper is normalized to have unit energy. Default: TRUE.
一个逻辑值。如果TRUE，锥度归一化到单位能源。默认值：TRUE。


参数：roughness
daniell windown roughness factor (must be positive). See Details for more information. Default: n.sample/2.
丹尼尔窗粗糙度因子（必须为正数）。见Details更多信息。默认值：n.sample/2。


参数：sidelobedB
chebyshev sidelobedB bandwidth in decibels (must be positive). See Details for more information. Default: 80.
切比雪夫sidelobedB带宽的单位为分贝（必须为正数）。见Details更多信息。默认值：80。


参数：sigma
standard deviation for Guassian taper. Default: 0.3.
高斯锥形的标准偏差。默认值：0.3。


参数：type
a character string denoting the type of taper to create. Supported types are "rectangle", "triangle", "raised cosine", "hanning", "hamming", "blackman", "nuttall", "gaussian", "kaiser", "chebyshev", "born jordan", "sine", "parzen", "papoulis", "daniell", and "dpss". See Details for more information. Default: "rectangle".
的锥度，以创建一个字符串表示的类型。支持的类型包括"rectangle"，"triangle"，"raised cosine"，"hanning"，"hamming"，"blackman"，"nuttall"，"gaussian" "kaiser"，"chebyshev"，"born jordan"，"sine"，"parzen"，"papoulis"，"daniell"和"dpss"。见Details更多信息。默认值："rectangle"。


Details

详细信息----------Details----------

Let w() and h(t) for t = 0, ..., N-1 be a lag window and taper, respectively. The following lag window or taper types are supported.
让我们w()和h(t)t = 0时，...，N-1是一个滞后的窗口和锥度，分别。下面的滞后窗口或锥度类型支持。

  


rectangularA rectangular taper is defined as h(t) = 1.
rectangularA矩形锥被定义为h(t) = 1。




triangleA triangular taper is defined as h(t)=h(N-t-1)=2*(t+1)/(N+1) for t < M where M=floor(N/2) and h(M) = 1 if N is evenly divisible by 2.
triangleA三角锥被定义为h(t)=h(N-t-1)=2*(t+1)/(N+1)t < M其中M=floor(N/2)和h(M) = 1如果N是被2整除。




raised cosine A raised cosine is a symmetric taper with a flat mid-plateau. Let p on [0,1] be the fraction of the length of the taper that is flat, M=floor(p*N), and B=2*pi/(M+1). A raised cosine taper is defined as
升余弦升余弦是一个对称的锥形平面中旬高原。让p on [0,1]是几分之一的长度，锥度，是平坦的，M=floor(p*N)，和B=2*pi/(M+1)。升余弦锥形被定义为

<p align="center">h(t) = 1 for floor(M/2) <= t < N - floor(M/2).
<p ALIGN="CENTER"> h(t) = 1 for floor(M/2) <= t < N - floor(M/2).




hanningLet B=2*pi/(N+1). A Hanning taper is defined as h(t) = 0.5 * (1 - cos(B*(t+1))).
hanningLet B=2*pi/(N+1)。汉宁锥度被定义为h(t) = 0.5 * (1 - cos(B*(t+1)))。




hammingLet B=2*pi/(N-1). A Hamming taper is defined as h(t) = 0.54 - 0.46 * cos(B*t).
hammingLet B=2*pi/(N-1)。海明锥被定义为h(t) = 0.54 - 0.46 * cos(B*t)。




blackmanLet B=2*pi/(N+1). A Blackman taper is defined as h(t) = 0.42 - 0.5 * cos( B * ( t + 1 ) ) + 0.08 * cos( 2 * B * ( t + 1 ) ).
blackmanLet B=2*pi/(N+1)。被定义为一个布莱克曼锥度h(t) = 0.42 - 0.5 * cos( B * ( t + 1 ) ) + 0.08 * cos( 2 * B * ( t + 1 ) )。




nuttallLet B=2*pi/(N-1). A Nuttall taper is defined as h(t) = 0.3635819 - 0.4891775 * cos( B*t ) + 0.1365995 * cos( 2*B*t ) - 0.0106411 * cos( 3*B*t )
nuttallLet B=2*pi/(N-1)。一个纳托尔锥度定义为h(t) = 0.3635819 - 0.4891775 * cos( B*t ) + 0.1365995 * cos( 2*B*t ) - 0.0106411 * cos( 3*B*t )




gaussian Let S be the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution. Let B(t)=2*S*(0.5 - t/(N-1)). A Gaussian taper is defined as
高斯让S是一个高斯分布的标准偏差。让我们B(t)=2*S*(0.5 - t/(N-1))。被定义为高斯锥度

<p align="center">h(N/2)=1 if N is evenly divisible by 2.
<p ALIGN="CENTER"> h(N/2)=1 if N is evenly divisible by 2。




kaiserLet V(t) = (2t-1-N)/N and I0() be the zeroth-order modified Bessel function of the first kind.  Given the shape factor beta > 0, a Kaiser taper is defined as h(t) = I0(beta*sqrt(1-V(t)\eqn{\mbox{\textasciicircum}}{^}2))/I0(beta).
kaiserLetV(t) = (2t-1-N)/N和I0()是第一类零阶修正Bessel函数。由于形状因子beta > 0，被定义为一个皇帝锥度h(t) = I0(beta*sqrt(1-V(t)\eqn{\mbox{\textasciicircum}}{^}2))/I0(beta)。




chebyshevThe Dolph-Chebyshev taper is a function of both the desired length N and the desired sidelobe level (our routine accepts a sidelobe attenuation factor expressed in decibels). See the Mitra reference for more details.
chebyshevThe多尔夫 - 切比雪夫锥度为所需的长度N和所需的旁瓣电平（以分贝表示我们的日常接受的旁瓣衰减因子）的函数。有关详细信息，请参阅米特拉参考。




born jordanLet M=(N-1)/2. A Born-Jordan taper is defined as h(t) = h(N-t-1) = 1 / ( M - t + 1 ).
出生jordanLet M=(N-1)/2。被定义为一个天生的约旦锥度h(t) = h(N-t-1) = 1 / ( M - t + 1 )。




sine Sine multitapers are defined as
正弦正弦multitapers被定义为




parzen A Parzen lag window is defined as
概率密度函数的一个最大熵准则的滞后窗口被定义为

{2(1 - |t|/m)^3} for m/2 < |t| <= m; and 0 otherwise</i>
{2（1  -  | T | / M）^ 3} M / 2 <| T | <= M;，否则为0 </ I>




papoulis A Papoulis lag window is defined as
papoulis一个Papoulis滞后窗口被定义为

and 0 otherwise</i>
否则为0 </ P>




daniell A Daniell lag window is defined as
丹尼尔一个丹尼尔滞后窗口被定义为

and 0 for |t| >= N</i>
和0 | T |> = N </ I>




dpss Discrete prolate spheroidal sequences are (typically) used for multitaper spectral density function estimation. The first order DPSS can be defined (to a good approximation) as
DPSS离散椭球序列（典型值）用于多窗口谱密度函数估计。第一阶的DPSS可以定义（一个很好的近似）


值----------Value----------

an object of class taper.
对象类taper。


S3方法----------S3 METHODS----------

  


as.matrixconverts output to a matrix.
as.matrixconverts输出到一个矩阵。




plotplots the output. Optional arguments are:   
plotplots输出。可选参数如下：

ylab Character string denoting the y-axis label for the plot. Default: upperCase(attr(x,"type")).
ylab字符串表示的y轴标签的图。默认值：upperCase(attr(x,"type"))。




typeLine type (same as the type argument of the par function). Default: "l".
typeLine型（相同type的参数par功能的）。默认值：“L”。




...Additional plot arguments (set internally by the par function).   
...其他图的参数（内部的par功能）。




printprints a summary of the output object.
printprints的输出对象的摘要。

  



参考文献----------References----------

A. T. Walden, &ldquo;Accurate Approximation of a 0th Order Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequence for Filtering and Data Tapering", Signal Processing, 18, 341&ndash;8 (1989).
Percival, Donald B. and Constantine, William L. B. (2005) &ldquo;Exact Simulation of Gaussian Time Series from Nonparametric Spectral Estimates with Application to Bootstrapping", Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, accepted for publication.
D.B. Percival and A. Walden (1993), Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications: Multitaper and Conventional Univariate Techniques, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
S.K.Mitra, J. Kaiser  (1993), Handbook for Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

参见----------See Also----------


实例----------Examples----------


## change plot layout [＃改变图布局]
gap <- 0.11
old.plt <- splitplot(4,4,1,gap=gap)

## create a plot of all supported tapers and [＃创建一个图的所有受支持的锥度和]
## windows [＃窗口]
nms <- c("rectangle", "triangle", "raised cosine",
    "hanning", "hamming", "blackman",
    "nuttall", "gaussian", "kaiser",
    "chebyshev", "born jordan", "sine",
    "parzen", "papoulis", "daniell", "dpss")

for (i in seq(along=nms)){
    if (i > 1) splitplot(4,4,i,gap=gap)
    plot(taper(type=nms[i]))
}

## restore plot layout to initial state [＃恢复到初始状态的图布局]
par(old.plt)

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