Lattice(lattice)
Lattice()所属R语言包：lattice
Lattice Graphics
点阵图形
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
The lattice add-on package is an implementation of Trellis graphics for R. It is a powerful and elegant high-level data visualization system with an emphasis on multivariate data. It is designed to meet most typical graphics needs with minimal tuning, but can also be easily extended to handle most nonstandard requirements.
lattice附加软件包是一个格子图形的河，它是一个强大而优雅的高层次的数据，强调多元数据可视化系统的实施。它是专为满足最典型的图形需求，以最小的调谐，但也可以很容易地扩展到处理最非标准的要求。
Details
详情----------Details----------
Trellis Graphics, originally developed for S and S-PLUS at the Bell Labs, is a framework for data visualization developed by R. A. Becker, W. S. Cleveland, et al, extending ideas presented in Cleveland's 1993 book Visualizing Data. The Lattice API is based on the original design in S, but extends it in many ways.
在贝尔实验室开发的，最初为S，S-PLUS的格子图形，是由RA，WS克利夫兰，贝克尔等发达国家的数据可视化的框架，延长在1993年克里夫兰骑士队的可视化数据的书的想法。莱迪思的API是在原设计基础上，但它在许多方面延伸。
The Lattice user interface primarily consists of several "high-level" generic functions (listed below in the “See Also” section), each designed to create a particular type of display by default. Although the functions produce different output, they share many common features, reflected in several common arguments that affect the resulting displays in similar ways. These arguments are extensively (sometimes only) documented in the help page for xyplot, which also includes a discussion of the important topics of conditioning and control of the Trellis layout. Features specific to other high-level functions are documented in their respective help pages.
莱迪思的用户界面主要由几个“高级别”的通用功能（下面的“请参阅”一节中列出），旨在创建特定类型的显示默认。虽然功能产生不同的输出，他们有许多共同的特点，体现在几个共同影响以类似的方式产生的显示参数。这些参数是广泛的帮助页记录xyplot，其中还包括一个调节和控制的网格布局的重要议题的讨论中（有时只）。其他高级功能的特定功能都记录在各自的帮助页面。
Lattice employs an extensive system of user-controllable settings to determine the look and feel of the displays it produces. To learn how to use and customize the graphical parameters used by lattice, see trellis.par.set. For other settings, see lattice.options. The default graphical settings are (potentially) different for different graphical devices. To learn how to initialize new devices with the desired settings or change the settings of the current device, see trellis.device.
莱迪思的用户可控的设置采用了广泛的系统，以确定它所产生的显示器的外观和感觉。若要了解如何使用和定制的格子图形参数，请参阅trellis.par.set。对于其他设置，请参阅lattice.options。默认的图形设置（潜在的）不同的图形设备的不同。要了解如何初始化新设备所需的设置或更改当前设备的设置，看到trellis.device。
It is usually unnecessary, but sometimes important to be able to plot multiple lattice plots on a single page. Such capabilities are described in the print.trellis help page. See update.trellis to learn about manipulating a "trellis" object. Tools to augment lattice plots after they are drawn (including locator-like functionality) are described in the trellis.focus help page.
它通常是不必要的，但有时重要的是能够在一个页面上绘制多个格子图。这种能力是print.trellis帮助页。看到update.trellis有关操纵"trellis"对象的学习。工具，以增加晶格图后，他们正在制定（包括locator一样的功能）trellis.focus帮助页中所述。
The online documentation accompanying the package is complete, and effort has been made to present the help pages in a logical sequence, so that one can learn how to use lattice by reading the PDF reference manual available at http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lattice/. However, the format in which the online documentation is written and the breadth of topics covered necessarily makes it somewhat terse and less than ideal as a first introduction. For a more gentle introduction, a book on lattice is available as part of Springer's "Use R" series; see the “References” section below.
网上所附文件包是完整的，并已作出努力，在逻辑顺序提出的帮助页面，这样一方面可以学习阅读PDF参考手册在http://cran.r-project如何使用晶格.org / WEB /包/格/。然而，在在线文档书写格式和广度涵盖的主题必然使得它比较简洁，小于第一个引进的理想。对于一个较为平缓的介绍，一个格子的书是可使用Springer的“R”系列的一部分，看到下面的“参考”一节。
注意----------Note----------
High-level lattice functions like xyplot are different from traditional R graphics functions in that they do not perform any plotting themselves. Instead, they return an object, of class "trellis", which has to be then print-ed or plot-ted to create the actual plot. Due to R's automatic printing rule, it is usually not necessary to explicitly carry out the second step, and lattice functions appear to behave like their traditional counterparts. However, the automatic plotting is suppressed when the high-level functions are called inside another function (most often source) or in other contexts where automatic printing is suppressed (e.g., for or while loops). In such situations, an explicit call to print or plot is required.
高级别lattice像xyplot功能是从传统的的ř图形功能，因为它们不执行任何图自己的不同。相反，他们返回一个对象，类"trellis"然后print-ed或plot-TED创建实际的图。由于R的自动打印规则，它通常是没有必要明确地开展第二步，lattice功能似乎像他们的传统。然而，自动绘制被抑制时，高层次的功能是另一个函数内调用（最常source），或在其他情况下自动打印抑制（例如，for或while循环）。在这种情况下，print或plot需要一个明确的呼叫。
The lattice package is based on the Grid graphics engine and requires the grid add-on package. One consquence of this is that it is not (readily) compatible with traditional R graphics tools. In particular, changing par() settings usually has no effect on Lattice plots; lattice provides its own interface for querying and modifying an extensive set of graphical and non-graphical settings.
lattice包基于网格的图形引擎，并要求grid附加包。一这consquence的是，这不是（容易地）兼容传统ŕ图形工具。 ，尤其是改变par()设置通常有格图没有影响;lattice提供查询和修改一套丰富的图形和非图形化的设置自己的界面。
作者（S）----------Author(s)----------
Deepayan Sarkar <a href="mailto eepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org">Deepayan.Sarkar@R-project.org</a>
参考文献----------References----------
Visualization with R, Springer. ISBN: 978-0-387-75968-5 http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/
Summit, New Jersey.
Visual Design and Control of Trellis Display”, Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5(2), 123–155.
of Trellis graphics; these provide a holistic introduction to the Trellis paradigm: http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/departments/sia/project/trellis/
参见----------See Also----------
The following is a list of high-level functions in the lattice package and their default displays. In all cases, the actual display is produced by the so-called “panel” function, which has a suitable default, but can be substituted by an user defined function to create customized displays. In many cases, the default panel function will itself have many optional arguments to customize its output. The default panel functions are named as “panel.” followed by the name of the corresponding high-level function; i.e., the default panel function for xyplot is panel.xyplot, the one for histogram is panel.histogram, etc. Each default panel function has a separate help page, linked from the help pages of the corresponding high-level function. Although documented separately, arguments to these panel functions can be supplied directly to the high-level functions, which will pass on the arguments appropriately.
下面是一个高层次的功能lattice包和它们的默认显示的列表。在所有情况下，实际显示的是由所谓的“面板”功能，其中有一个合适的默认，但可以通过一个用户定义函数来创建定制的显示器取代。在许多情况下，默认的面板功能本身有许多可选参数来定制其输出。默认面板功能被命名为“panel.”相应的高层次功能的名称，即，xyplot是panel.xyplot，一个默认的面板功能histogram是panel.histogram等每个默认面板功能有一个单独的帮助页面，从相应的高层次功能的帮助页面链接。虽然分开记录，这些面板功能参数，可以直接提供高层次的功能，这将通过适当的参数。
Univariate:
单因素：
barchart: Bar plots.
barchart：条形图。
bwplot: Box-and-whisker plots.
bwplot：箱须图。
densityplot: Kernel density estimates.
densityplot：核密度估计。
dotplot: Cleveland dot plots.
dotplot：克利夫兰点图。
histogram: Histograms.
histogram：直方图。
qqmath: Theretical quantile plots.
qqmath：肖贵清位数图。
stripplot: One-dimensional scatterplots.
stripplot：一维散点图。
Bivariate:
二元：
qq: Quantile plots for comparing two distributions.
qq：比较两个分布的分位数图。
xyplot: Scatterplots and time-series plots (and potentially a lot more).
xyplot：散点图和时间序列图（和潜在的更多）。
Trivariate:
三元：
levelplot: Level plots (similar to image plots).
levelplot：等级图（image图类似）。
contourplot: Contour plots.
contourplot：等高线图。
cloud: Three-dimensional scatter plots.
cloud：三维散点图。
wireframe: Three-dimensional surface plots (similar to persp plots).
wireframe：表面三维图（persp图类似）。
Hypervariate:
hypervariate：
splom: Scatterplot matrices.
splom：散点图矩阵。
parallel: Parallel coordinate plots.
parallel：平行坐标图。
Miscellaneous:
杂项：
rfs: Residual and fitted value plots (also see oneway).
rfs：残余和拟合值图（另见oneway）。
tmd: Tukey Mean-Difference plots.
tmd：杜克均值差的图。
In addition, there are several panel functions that do little by themselves, but can be useful components of custom panel functions. These are documented in panel.functions. Lattice also provides a collection of convenience functions that correspond to the traditional graphics primitives lines, points, etc. These are implemented using Grid graphics, but try to be as close to the traditional versions as possible in terms of their argument list. These functions have names like llines or panel.lines and are often useful when writing (or porting from S-PLUS code) nontrivial panel functions.
此外，有几个面板自己做的小功能，但可以是自定义面板功能的有用成分。这些都记录在panel.functions。莱迪思还提供了一个方便的功能集合，对应于传统的图形基元的lines，points，等等，这些是实现电网图形，但设法在尽可能接近传统版本的条款他们的参数列表。这些功能有像llines或panel.lines的名称和写作时（或移植），S-PLUS代码平凡的面板功能往往是有益的。
Finally, many useful enhancements that extend the Lattice system are available in the latticeExtra package.
最后，许多有用的增强，延长莱迪思系统可用latticeExtra包中。
举例----------Examples----------
## Not run: [＃无法运行：]
## Show brief history of changes to lattice, including[＃显示简史晶格变化，包括]
## a summary of new features.[＃总结的新功能。]
RShowDoc("NEWS", package = "lattice")
## End(Not run)[＃结束（不运行）]
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
注2：由于是机器人自动翻译，难免有不准确之处，使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解，可以帮助R语言的学习。
注3：如遇到不准确之处，请在本贴的后面进行回帖，我们会逐渐进行修订。
|
发表于 2012-2-16 19:45:00
