moult(moult)
moult()所属R语言包：moult
Models to analyse data of moult in birds
鸟类在换羽的数据模型来分析
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
Estimate duration and mean start date of moult from moult score data by maximum likelihood. Covariates
通过最大似然估计持续时间和平均的从换羽得分数据换羽开始日期。协变量
用法----------Usage----------
moult(formula, data, start = NULL, type = 2, method = "BFGS")
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：formula
symbolic description of the model, see details.
符号描述的模式，查看详细信息。
参数：start
starting values for parameters.
参数的初始值。
参数：data
an optional data frame containing the variables in the model. If not found in data, the variables are taken from the environment from which moult was called.
一个可选的数据框包含在模型中的变量。如果未找到数据，变量被取自从moult被称为环境。
参数：type
integer (one of 1,2,3,4,5) referring to type of moult data and consequently model to be fitted (see details).
整数（1,2,3,4,5），指的是输入的的换羽数据和因此模型来进行安装（见详情）。
参数：method
optimisation algorithm, passed to optim.
优化算法，传递给optim。
Details
详细信息----------Details----------
formula is specified in 5 parts:
formula中指定的5份：
moult.index ~ days | x1 + x2 | y1 + y2 | z1 + z2
moult.index ~ days | x1 + x2 | y1 + y2 | z1 + z2
where moult.index is a numerical vector with values between 0 and 1, days is a vector with corresponding day numbers on which moult indeces were observed. The next three parts contain explanatory variables for modelling duration, mean start date and standard deviation in start date, respectively. If no explanatory variables are wanted for duration, say, this can be specified by leaving a blank between the first and second vertical lines, or equivalently, inserting a 1 between the vertical lines (which means all durations will be assumed equal). Similarly for mean start date and standard deviation. The minimum formula must contain moult.index ~ days, which will assume the same duration, mean start date and standard deviation for all individuals.
moult.index的值在0和1之间的一个数值向量，days换羽选取的观察与相应的天数是一个向量。接下来的三个部分包含解释变量的建模时间，平均，分别为开始日期，开始日期和标准差。如果没有想要解释变量的持续时间，例如，这可以被指定的垂直线之间的第一和第二，或等价地，插入一个1之间的垂直线（这意味着所有的持续时间将被假设等于）留下一个空。同样，对于意味着开始日期和标准差。最低的公式必须，包含moult.index ~ days，其将承担相同的时间，平均开始日期和标准差为所有个人。
type refers to the type of moult data available (see Underhill and Zucchini (1998) and Underhill, Zucchini and Summers (1990)).
type是指换羽数据（Underhill和的西葫芦（1998）和昂德希尔，西葫芦和Summers（1990））的类型。
type = 1 sample is representative of entire population (not yet moulting, in moult, and birds which have completed moult). For type 1 data, any value between 0 and 1 (> 0 and < 1) can be used as the moult index for birds in active moult. The value used does not matter, only
类型= 1个样品为代表的整个人口（尚未换羽，换羽，并已完成的鸟类换羽）。对于类型1的数据，可以用作鸟类活性换羽换羽指数为0和1之间的任意值（> 0，<1）。使用的值并不重要，只
type = 2 (default) sample is representative of entire population (not yet moulting, in moult, and birds which have completed
类型= 2（默认）样本能够代表整个人口（尚未换羽，换羽，鸟类已完成
type = 3 sample is representative only of birds in
= 3个样本是代表唯一的鸟类
type = 4 sample is representative only of birds in moult and those
类型= 4样本具有代表性的鸟类在换羽
type = 5 sample is representative only of birds that have not started moult or that are in moult. Individuals with moult scores 1
= 5个样品仅代表还没有开始的换羽，或者是在换羽的鸟。个人换羽1分
moult uses the R function optim to minimise the negative log-likelihood.
moult使用R功能optim减少的负对数似然。
Note: The standard deviation parameters are estimated on the log-scale. Thus the corresponding elements in the covariance matrix are also on the log-scale. Standard errors for the standard deviation parameters are on the scale of the standard deviation (in days), estimated using the delta method.
注：标准偏差参数估计的log规模。因此，协方差矩阵中的对应元素也log规模。上规模的标准差（天数），使用增量方法估计标准误差的标准偏差参数。
值----------Value----------
参数：coefficients
parameter estimates split up into duration, mean start date and standard deviation of start date.
参数估计分成时间，平均开始日期开始日期和标准差。
参数：loglik
log-likelihood at parameter estimates.
对数似然参数估计。
参数：vcov
variance covariance matrix for paramter estimates.
放慢参数估计的方差协方差矩阵。
参数：standard.errors
vector of standard errors for parameter estimates, obtained from diagonal elements of vcov, see details.
参数估计的标准误差矢量，对角线元素vcov的获得的，查看详细信息。
参数：type
type of data assumed, see details.
假设的数据类型，查看详细信息。
参数：residuals
vector of residuals: observed - fitted moult index.
残差向量：观察 - 装换羽指数。
参数：fitted.values
a vector of fitted values (moult scores).
拟合值的向量（换羽分数）。
参数：n
number of observations.
若干意见。
参数：df.residual
residual degrees of freedom for fitted model.
为拟合模型的残差自由度。
参数：terms
duration formula, mean formula, full formula.
持续时间公式，平均公式，公式。
参数：mean.formula
model formula for mean start date.
模型公式为平均起始日期。
参数：duration.formula
model formula for duration of moult.
换羽持续时间模型公式。
参数：formula
model formula for mean start and duration of moult.
模型公式平均换羽的开始和持续时间。
参数：sd.formula
grouping variable used to estimate standard deviations in mean start dates, different for each group.
分组估计的标准偏差，平均起始日期，各组不同的变量。
参数：optim
object returned by call to optim, which minimises negative log-likelihood.
返回的对象通过调用到的optim，最大限度地减少负对数似然。
参数：converged
logical value indicating whether algorithm has converged or not.
逻辑值，该值指示是否算法收敛。
参数：convergence.value
value for convergence returned by optim, see optim for details.
返回值收敛的OPTIM，请参阅optim的详细信息。
（作者）----------Author(s)----------
Birgit.Erni <birgit.erni@uct.ac.za>
参考文献----------References----------
primary moult. Ibis 130, 358–372.
for avian primary moult-data types based on migration strategies and an example using the Redshank Tringa totanus. Ibis 132,
参见----------See Also----------
predict.moult, ms2pfmg
predict.moult，ms2pfmg
实例----------Examples----------
data(sanderlings)
m2 <- moult(MIndex ~ Day, data = sanderlings)
summary(m2)
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
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发表于 2012-9-23 13:57:19
