plot.lm(stats)
plot.lm()所属R语言包：stats
Plot Diagnostics for an lm Object
图诊断为LM对象
译者：生物统计家园网 机器人LoveR
描述----------Description----------
Six plots (selectable by which) are currently available: a plot of residuals against fitted values, a Scale-Location plot of sqrt(| residuals |) against fitted values, a Normal Q-Q plot, a plot of Cook's distances versus row labels, a plot of residuals against leverages, and a plot of Cook's distances against leverage/(1-leverage). By default, the first three and 5 are provided.
6图（可选which）是目前可供选择：对拟合值的残差，规模，地点图图sqrt(| residuals |)对拟合值，一个正常的QQ图，库克与行的距离图标签，反对利用残差图，打击利用图和库克的距离/（1-杠杆）。默认情况下，前三5提供。
用法----------Usage----------
## S3 method for class 'lm'
plot(x, which = c(1:3,5),
caption = list("Residuals vs Fitted", "Normal Q-Q",
"Scale-Location", "Cook's distance",
"Residuals vs Leverage",
expression("Cook's dist vs Leverage " * h[ii] / (1 - h[ii]))),
panel = if(add.smooth) panel.smooth else points,
sub.caption = NULL, main = "",
ask = prod(par("mfcol")) < length(which) && dev.interactive(),
...,
id.n = 3, labels.id = names(residuals(x)), cex.id = 0.75,
qqline = TRUE, cook.levels = c(0.5, 1.0),
add.smooth = getOption("add.smooth"), label.pos = c(4,2),
cex.caption = 1)
参数----------Arguments----------
参数：x
lm object, typically result of lm or glm.
lm对象，通常导致lm或glm。
参数：which
if a subset of the plots is required, specify a subset of the numbers 1:6.
图的一个子集，如果需要，指定数字1:6的一个子集。
参数：caption
captions to appear above the plots; character vector or list of valid graphics annotations, see as.graphicsAnnot. Can be set to "" or NA to suppress all captions.
标题出现上述图;character矢量或list有效的图形注解，看到as.graphicsAnnot的。可以设置""或NA抑制所有的标题。
参数：panel
panel function. The useful alternative to points, panel.smooth can be chosen by add.smooth = TRUE.
面板功能。有用替代points“，panel.smooth可以选择add.smooth = TRUE。
参数：sub.caption
common title—above the figures if there are more than one; used as sub (s.title) otherwise. If NULL, as by default, a possible abbreviated version of deparse(x$call) is used.
上述数字常见的标题，如果有一个以上的;sub（S.title），否则使用。如果NULL，默认情况下，可能deparse(x$call)缩写版本使用。
参数：main
title to each plot—in addition to caption.
标题每剧情中除了caption。
参数：ask
logical; if TRUE, the user is asked before each plot, see par(ask=.).
逻辑;如果TRUE，用户要求每个小区前，看到par(ask=.)。
参数：...
other parameters to be passed through to plotting functions.
其他参数可以通过绘图功能。
参数：id.n
number of points to be labelled in each plot, starting with the most extreme.
必须标明在每个小区中，最极端的开始点。
参数：labels.id
vector of labels, from which the labels for extreme points will be chosen. NULL uses observation numbers.
标签的向量，从中将选择极端点的标签。 NULL使用观察数字。
参数：cex.id
magnification of point labels.
放大点标签。
参数：qqline
logical indicating if a qqline() should be added to the normal Q-Q plot.
逻辑表示如果qqline()应加入正常的QQ图。
参数：cook.levels
levels of Cook's distance at which to draw contours.
库克在其中绘制等高线的距离的水平。
参数：add.smooth
logical indicating if a smoother should be added to most plots; see also panel above.
逻辑表明，如果平滑应增加最图;又见panel以上。
参数：label.pos
positioning of labels, for the left half and right half of the graph respectively, for plots 1-3.
定位标签的左半部和右半图分别为图1-3。
参数：cex.caption
controls the size of caption.
控制caption的大小。
Details
详情----------Details----------
sub.caption—by default the function call—is shown as a subtitle (under the x-axis title) on each plot when plots are on separate pages, or as a subtitle in the outer margin (if any) when there are multiple plots per page.
sub.caption默认情况下，函数调用显示字幕（x轴的标题下对每个小区）图单独的页面上时，或在外缘的副标题（如果有的话），当有每页的多个图。
The "Scale-Location" plot, also called "Spread-Location" or "S-L" plot, takes the square root of the absolute residuals in order to diminish skewness (sqrt(|E|)) is much less skewed than | E | for Gaussian zero-mean E).
以减少偏的规模，地点“的图，也被称为”扩展位置“或”S-L“图，以绝对残差平方根（sqrt(|E|)）要少得多倾斜比| E |零均值高斯E）。
The "S-L", the Q-Q, and the Residual-Leverage plot, use standardized residuals which have identical variance (under the hypothesis). They are given as R[i] / (s * sqrt(1 - h.ii)) where h.ii are the diagonal entries of the hat matrix, influence()$hat (see also hat), and where the Residual-Leverage plot uses standardized Pearson residuals (residuals.glm(type = "pearson")) for R[i].
“S-L”，QQ，并利用剩余图，使用标准化残差具有相同的方差（根据假设）。他们给出R[i] / (s * sqrt(1 - h.ii))其中，h.ii的帽子矩阵对角线项，influence()$hat（又见hat），并在剩余杠杆图使用标准化皮尔森残差（：residuals.glm(type = "pearson")）R[i]。
The Residual-Leverage plot shows contours of equal Cook's distance, for values of cook.levels (by default 0.5 and 1) and omits cases with leverage one with a warning. If the leverages are constant (as is typically the case in a balanced aov situation) the plot uses factor level combinations instead of the leverages for the x-axis. (The factor levels are ordered by mean fitted value.)
剩余杠杆图的平等库克的距离显示的轮廓，为值cook.levels（默认情况下，0.5和1），忽略警告杠杆情况。如果利用常数（通常是在一个平衡的aov形势的情况下）的图使用因子水平的组合，而不是利用为x轴。 （因子水平排序，平均拟合值）。
In the Cook's distance vs leverage/(1-leverage) plot, contours of standardized residuals that are equal in magnitude are lines through the origin. The contour lines are labelled with the magnitudes.
在库克的距离与利用/（1-杠杆）的图，大小相等的标准化残差的轮廓是通过原点的线。等高线标记的大小。
作者（S）----------Author(s)----------
John Maindonald and Martin Maechler.
参考文献----------References----------
Regression Diagnostics. New York: Wiley.
Residuals and Influence in Regression. London: Chapman and Hall.
Reid, N. and Snell, E. J., eds: Pp. 55-82 in Statistical Theory and Modelling. In Honour of Sir David Cox, FRS. London: Chapman and Hall.
symmetry. Biometrika 62, 101–111.
Generalized Linear Models. London: Chapman and Hall.
参见----------See Also----------
termplot, lm.influence, cooks.distance, hatvalues.
termplot，lm.influence，cooks.distance，hatvalues。
举例----------Examples----------
require(graphics)
## Analysis of the life-cycle savings data[＃生命周期储蓄数据的分析]
## given in Belsley, Kuh and Welsch.[＃给予Belsley山和韦尔施。]
lm.SR <- lm(sr ~ pop15 + pop75 + dpi + ddpi, data = LifeCycleSavings)
plot(lm.SR)
## 4 plots on 1 page;[第1页＃4图;]
## allow room for printing model formula in outer margin:[＃允许房间印刷外缘的模型公式：]
par(mfrow = c(2, 2), oma = c(0, 0, 2, 0))
plot(lm.SR)
plot(lm.SR, id.n = NULL) # no id's[没有id]
plot(lm.SR, id.n = 5, labels.id = NULL)# 5 id numbers[5身份证号码]
## Was default in R <= 2.1.x:[＃默认情况下，在R <= 2.1.x的：]
## Cook's distances instead of Residual-Leverage plot[＃库克的距离，而不是剩余杠杆图]
plot(lm.SR, which = 1:4)
## Fit a smooth curve, where applicable:[＃适合一条光滑的曲线，如适用：]
plot(lm.SR, panel = panel.smooth)
## Gives a smoother curve[＃给人一种流畅的曲线]
plot(lm.SR, panel = function(x,y) panel.smooth(x, y, span = 1))
par(mfrow=c(2,1))# same oma as above[同OMA如上]
plot(lm.SR, which = 1:2, sub.caption = "Saving Rates, n=50, p=5")
转载请注明:出自 生物统计家园网(http://www.biostatistic.net)。
注：
注1：为了方便大家学习，本文档为生物统计家园网机器人LoveR翻译而成，仅供个人R语言学习参考使用，生物统计家园保留版权。
注2：由于是机器人自动翻译，难免有不准确之处，使用时仔细对照中、英文内容进行反复理解，可以帮助R语言的学习。
注3：如遇到不准确之处，请在本贴的后面进行回帖，我们会逐渐进行修订。
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发表于 2012-2-16 18:13:49
